托福教师揭秘2014年托福听力考点

一般来说学生在学校里接触的听力考试模式是先知道考题，学生就会带着问题去听，难度相对很小。对于托福听力，我们不能预先知道考题，而且lecture篇章又长，那如何去抓住考点呢?对于习惯于学校那种听力模式的学生来说，了解托福听力考试的考点，出题模式就显得相当重要。学生要学会在不知道考题的前提下判断出重点信息，听懂并记录下来。通过对托福听力考题细致地分析和总结，我们可以总结出常见的几大出题点。  

1. 主旨题

所有的lecture第一题都为主旨题，基本上所有的主旨题都会开门见山的提出来，教授通常先有一些引导的话，然后提出主题，常见表达方式：Now/Today, we are going to talk about…

例如: Okay, we’ve been discussing films in the 1920s and 30s, and how back then film categories, as we know them today, had not yet been established. We said that by today’s standards, many of the films of the 20s and 30s would be considered hybrids, that is, a mixture of styles that wouldn’t exactly fit into any of today’s categories, and in that context. Today we are going to talk about a film-maker who began making very unique films in the late 1920s.主旨题一定要学会抓关键词，核心名词。这里核心的名词为a film-maker， unique ，Unique是the film-maker的特征，所以也就是the film-maker的style。记住这两个单词就可以选出答案A

What is the main purpose of the lecture?

l To discuss the style of an early filmmaker

l To describe different types of filmmaking in the 1930s

l To discuss the emergence of the documentary film

l To describe Painleve’s influence on today’s science-fiction films

通常主旨题的核心词一定会在开头体现出来，如果出现后来文章中提到的细节词通常都是错的。这题中documentary film和science-fiction都是后来才提到的词，只是文章的细节，并非主旨。

2. 举例目的题  

举例目的题在听力考试中比重最大，常见的问题方式是 why does the professor mention XX? 题目的问到的例子都是教授为了论证他提出的一个重要的论点所举的，所以每次听到例子都要好好思考教授的目的。

例如：Well, Let's look at the blue warbler. The Blue warbler is a songbird that lives in North America. They clearly prefer hard wood forests with dense shrubs, bushes underneath the trees. They actually nest in the shrubs, not the trees. So they pretty close to the ground, but these warblers also nest in the forests that have low shrub density. It is usually the younger warblers that nest in these areas because the preferred spots where a lot of shrubs are taken by the older more dominant birds. And the choice of habitat seems to affect the reproductive success. Because the older and more experienced birds who nest in the high density shrub areas have significantly more offspring than those in low density areas, which suggests that the choice of where to nest does have an impact on the number of chicks they have.

此题中举的例子为blue warbler，目的是研究the choice of habitat跟reproductive success的关系，所以此题答案为B

What does the professor illustrate with the example of the blue warbler?

A. The relationship between human activity and habitat loss

B. The relationship between habitat and reproductive success

C. The advantages of habitats with low vegetation density

D. The reproductive advantage that young warblers have over older warblers

3. 问答题  

因为托福是模拟欧美的真实课堂教学，所以lecture中经常会听到学生的提问，或者是教授对学生的提问。即使没有学生问答，教授的一个讲的lecture，教授也会经常进行设问，然后自己解答。问答经常涉及考点。

例如：

Female student: But, what about run-off in the spring, when the snow finally melts? Won't the nutrients get washed away? Spring thaw always washes away soil, doesn't it?

Lecturer: Well, much of the soil is usually still frozen during peak run-off. And the nutrients are deep down in the active layer anyway, not high up near the surface, which is the part of the active layer most affected by run-off.

学生问nutrients会被春天的融雪washes away吗?教授回答说泥土还frozen，而且nutrients are deep down，所以意思就是nutrients不会washes away，得出的答案为B

Why are nutrients in the soil NOT carried away by spring runoff?

² The roots of shrubs prevent nutrient-filled soil from being washed away.

² Most nutrients are not in the area of the soil most affected by runoff.

² Most nutrients remain frozen in the permafrost when spring runoff is at its peak.

² Most nutrients have been absorbed by vegetation before the runoff period begins.

4. 细节强调题  

很多学生喜欢抱怨说lecture那么多细节，我怎么知道要考什么细节。事实上托福听力考得细节题通常都有很明显的强调表达。强调的手法又有很多种，需要学生对不同的手法熟知，才能准确的判断出细节题，并做好笔记。

第一种转折，最常用的词为but，but后面才是重点。 请看例题

It’s pretty hard for me to really understand how long 30,000 years is too. I mean, we tend to think that people who lived at that time must have been pretty primitive. But I’m gonna show you some slides in a few minutes and I think you will agree with me that this art is anything but primitive. They are masterpieces. And they look so real, so alive that it’s very hard to imagine that they are so very old.

文章中前面讲primitive，用了转折词but，强调后面masterpieces，答案为A

What is the professor’s opinion about the art at the Chauvet cave?

l It is extremely well done

l It probably reflected artists’ religious beliefs

l It is less sophisticated than the art at Lascaux and Altamira

l It is probably not much older than the are at Lascaux and Altamira

第二种用形容词或副词修饰表强调，常用词为important, interesting, key 等。例如：

But the formula for a well-made play required that the certain of these elements being included in a particular order. And most importantly, that everything in the plays be logically connected. In fact, some of these playwrights would start by writing the end of a play. And were “backward” toward the beginning, just to make sure each event led logically from what had gone before.

l 这里有形容词most importantly，所以后面讲的就非常重要，就是考点信息，对应D选项中的logical manner

1.according to the professor ,why did some playwrights write the end of a play before the beginning?

l To produce multiple scripts as quickly as possible

l To prevent the audience from using logic to guess the endings

l To avoid writing endings similar to those of other plays

l To ensure that the plot would develop in a logical manner

第四种在谓语动词前加do does，强调论点的肯定或真实性

例如：The Blue warbler is a songbird that lives in North America. They clearly prefer hard wood forests with dense shrubs, bushes underneath the trees. They actually nest in the shrubs, not the trees. So they pretty close to the ground, but these warblers also nest in the forests that have low shrub density. It is usually the younger warblers that nest in these areas because the preferred spots where a lot of shrubs are taken by the older more dominant birds. And the choice of habitat seems to affect the reproductive success. Because the older and more experienced birds who nest in the high density shrub areas have significantly more offspring than those in low density areas, which suggests that the choice of where to nest does have an impact on the number of chicks they have.

此题的总结句说栖息地的选择确实有影响，用了does，教授想强调对reproductive success的影响，答案为B

What does the professor illustrate with the example of the blue warbler?

5. The relationship between human activity and habitat loss

6. The relationship between habitat and reproductive success

7. The advantages of habitats with low vegetation density

8. The reproductive advantage that young warblers have over older warblers

第五种语速放慢，重读或提高音调 教授在讲到重点的时候有时会放慢语速，目的是让学生听清楚，记下来

例如TPO6的第三篇其中一点And finally, you have an unregulated market place, no government constrains, where price could explode. 这句很明显读得很慢，很清楚，也就表达这句的信息很重要，一点要记下来

5. 语气态度题  

此类题目多是重听题，学生需要对文章中的某一句话进行判断，有时涉及到上下文的联系。

Stu: It had a lot of art schools and artists who taught painting. There were, our book mentions classes for women artists. And it was a good place to go to study art.

Pro: If you want to become an artist, Paris was not a good place to go; Paris was THE place to go.

对话中教授的语气很强烈，强调了the place，表示唯一的，所以答案为B，最重要的place

What does the professor mean when he says this?

A. Paris was a popular place to visit, but not the best place to study art

B. Paris was the most important place for an artist to study and work

C. Living in Paris was difficult for women artists from other countries

D. Studying in Paris was beneficial for some artists, but not for others.

以上为了重点总结的听力5大考题，学会听考点非常有利于学生在训练中抓住重点，记好笔记，也才能突破高分。

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