浅谈‘插入句子题’解题

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2013-08-22 来源：新通外语网igo99.cn 作者：曹伟阅读量：人喜欢手机阅读

导读

插入句子题（Insert Text Questions）与‘修辞目的题’，‘推理题’同为侧重逻辑关系考察的题目，也就是说，寻找‘被插入的单句’和‘段落中空格前后句’的逻辑衔接关系，是解决插入句子题的关键。详细资讯欢迎来电！海曙中心咨询电话：0574-87076033 江东中心咨询电话：0574-87736833

插入句子题（Insert Text Questions）与‘修辞目的题’，‘推理题’同为侧重逻辑关系考察的题目，也就是说，寻找‘被插入的单句’和‘段落中空格前后句’的逻辑衔接关系，是解决插入句子题的关键。

话题一：插入句子题的识别

插入句子题非常容易识别，最直接的途径有二：

1. 题目位置：此类题一般都位于每篇文章的倒数第二题。

2. 四个黑方框。

话题二：解题到底先读段落还是单句？

看到此类题的命题样式（即从段落中抽出一句，现在让我们把该句再放回原处），做题第一步骤无非两种：先读段落或者先读单句。到底哪种才是最合适高效的呢？我们在此详细分析。

【先读段落的同学观点】：既然单句是从完整的段落中抽取出来的，那该句被抽走之后就会导致段落被抽走句子的地方，前后衔接出现中断，于是明显的衔接不畅；就可以找到该单句应放回的位置了。

【此观点分析】：此观点貌似合理，但是事实并非如此。因为插入句子题一般位于每篇文章倒数第二题，这一般意味着，此命题段落前面的题目中已经进行过其他题型的考察（比如前面已针对该段考过细节题），然而考生在处理前面针对该段的题目的时候，并没有发现段落中有过明显的语义中断或者衔接不畅。这说明一件事：被抽走的这个句子，本来就是可有可无的，有了的话，更好的衔接上下文；没有，也不会觉得有缺失句子。于是，先读段落查找语义中断位置的做法一般行不通。

【结论】：解题第一步，应该先读单句，并在单句中，寻找以下逻辑衔接标志。

话题三：详细解题思路

【考察本质】：此类题型重点考查英文句子间的逻辑语义关系，即英文中句子与句子是如何衔接在一起的。所以，只要掌握了英语句子间的衔接手法(cohesive devices)，这种问题便可迎刃而解。

【四大衔接手段】：按使用优先性和使用频率排序

1. 代词类

理论指导：当作者再次谈及上句相关话题时，为了避免重复，遵循语言学的最简化原理，作者会用代词指代前文话题词。

具体标志：

A. 人称代词、指示代词和关系代词等

B. 代词+名词结构，如this wider possibility

C. 类似代词（语义中含有‘这’‘那’的词），如such episodic events，there

真题链接

Paragraph 3: ■Exhibitors, however, wanted to maximize their profits, which they could do more readily by projecting a handful of films to hundreds of customers at a time (rather than one at a time) and by charging 25 to 50 cents admission. ■About a year after the opening of the first Kinetoscope parlor in 1894, showmen such as Louis and Auguste Lumiere, Thomas Armat and Charles Francis Jenkins, and Orville and Woodville Latham (with the assistance of Edison's former assistant, William Dickson) perfected projection devices. ■These early projection devices were used in vaudeville theaters, legitimate theaters, local town halls, makeshift storefront theaters, fairgrounds, and amusement parks to show films to a mass audience. ■

Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

When this widespread use of projection technology began to hurt his Kinetoscope business, Edison acquired a projector developed by Armat and introduced it as “Edison’s latest marvel, the Vitascope."

Where would the sentence best fit?

解析：先读单句，发现其中含有‘代词+名词’标志this widespread use of projection technology，可知在某个空前面，一定有提到‘投影技术应用广泛’，满足此条件的只有第四个空前：These early projection devices被用在很多个不同地点，即应用广泛。答案是D。

2. 逻辑关系词

由于此类题的考点就在于考察句子的逻辑衔接关系，所以，明显的逻辑标志词，将会是很好的解题工具。

2.1 时间关系

then, next, later, finally, etc。

2.2 因果关系

so, therefore, consequently, thus, hence , as a result,（+结果句子）

2.3 转折/正反对比关系

on the contrary, in contrast, however, but, yet, nevertheless, on the other hand, etc。

2.4 解释/同理类比关系

that is, in other words, likewise, same, similarly etc。

2.5 举例关系

for instance, for example

2.6 并列/递进关系

also, again, in addition, another, in fact, indeed

真题链接

Paragraph 6: ■Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills. ■Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. ■In fact, tunas must swim to breathe. ■They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.

Look at the four squares [■l that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water.

Where would the sentence best fit?

解析：先读单句，发现句中有逻辑关系词标志consequently（因此），所以某个空前面一定有原因会导致tunas do not need to suck in water（金枪鱼不需要吸水），只有第二个空前的内容：‘因为金枪鱼总在游泳，只要张开嘴巴，水就被压进来……’才会导致‘水被动压入嘴巴，不需要主动吸水’。于是答案是B。

3. 重复话题词或同义近义改写（承上启下）

上下句的衔接也可以通过重复话题词实现，或者是对该话题词进行相关改写。简单来说，被插入的单句，一般句首满足承接上文，句尾满足启发下文。

真题链接

Paragraph 5: The Psychodynamic Approach. Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understanding human behavior, including aggression. Sigmund Freud, for example, believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life. Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately. ■Yet children, also fearing their parents' punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impulses. ■The Freudian perspective, in a sense, sees us as "steam engines." ■By holding in rather than venting "steam," we set the stage for future explosions. ■Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways such as destroying furniture, or they may be expressed toward strangers later in life.

11. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.According to Freud, however, impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression.

Where would the sentence best fit?

解析：先读单句，句首impulses that have been repressed（被压抑的冲动）一般承接上文，句末continue to exist and demand expression（继续存在需要发泄）一般启发下文，于是可见，词句上承第二个空前面的‘孩子们……会压抑它们的攻击性冲动’，下启第二空之后的‘佛洛依德的蒸汽机发泄理论’，故答案是B。

4. 定冠词the + 名词

指导理论：名词第一次被提到时，用不定冠词a+名词连接，当后句再次提及该名词时，为了表示它和前一句名词是同一关系，会用定冠词the引出。其实此类关系很类似于代词+名词结构。

真题链接：

Paragraph 3: Observational assessment techniques have become much more sophisticated, reducing the limitations just presented. Film analysis of the infant's responses, heart and respiration rate monitors, and nonnutritive sucking devices are used as effective tools in understanding infant perception. ■Film analysis permits researchers to carefully study the infant's responses over and over and in slow motion. ■Precise measurements can be made of the length and frequency of the infant's attention between two stimuli. ■Heart and respiration monitors provide the investigator with the number of heartbeats or breaths taken when a new stimulus is presented. ■Numerical increases are used as quantifiable indicators of heightened interest in the new stimulus. Increases in nonnutritive sucking were first used as an assessment measure by researchers in 1969. They devised an apparatus that connected a baby's pacifier to a counting device. As stimuli were presented, changes in the infant's sucking behavior were recorded. Increases in the number of sucks were used as an indicator of the infant's attention to or preference for a given visual display.

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

The repetition allows researchers to observe the infant's behavior until they reach agreement about the presence and the degree of the infant's response.

Where would the sentence best fit?

解析：先读单句，发现句中定冠词‘the+名词’标志the repetition，于是可知某空前面，应该有提到‘某种重复’，满足此条件的是第二空前面的study the infant's responses over and over（一次又一次的研究婴儿的反馈），答案是B。

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