雅思阅读之平行结构

  平行结构在雅思阅读中的运用非常广泛，掌握好平行结构的用法，一方面可以帮助我们快速理解文章中句子的意思，另一方面可以提高我们做题的速度和准确率，所以我们今天就来探讨下关于平行结构在雅思阅读中的用法。

首先，我们要先了解平行结构的定义：平行结构是指由两个或两个以上意义相关、句法功能相同，由平行连词连接起来的结构，强调对称性。

在雅思阅读中常见的平行连词有and, as well as, both A and B, between A and B, not only A, but also B , or, either A or B, neither A nor B, not A but B, rather than, instead of等。平行结构一般来说可以分为三种形式：单词与单词平行，短语与短语平行，句子与句子平行；平行结构的特点是前后平行的部分词性一致，形式一致，例句如下：

1. 词与词平行：

• Her expression reflected both anger and relief.

• The park was neither accessible nor affordable.

• We collected both second- and third-grade books.

2. 短语与短语平行：

• The cleaner cleaned the basement and washed the windows. （动宾短语平行）

• We would like not only to hear your side of the story but also to provide a response. （不定式短语平行）

• It was important to leave the money in the drawer rather than on the table.（介词短语平行）

3. 句子与句子平行：

• They contended that the committee was biased and that it should be disbanded.

平行结构帮助我们快速理解雅思长难句：

1. Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.

4个平行结构部分组成的主语，并不需要知道每个词的含义，基本能看懂整个句子的意思：这四种灾难（大规模的洪水、长期的干旱、飓风和严重的季风）每年都会造成损失，摧毁数百万吨有价值的农作物。

注意：在平行结构中，两个部分并列的呈现方式为A and B, 三个及以上部分并列呈现方式为A, B, C and D（四个为例）。 

2. Arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems — the major medical complaints in this age group — are troubling a smaller proportion every year.

3个平行结构部分组成的主语，并不需要知道每个词的含义，基本能看懂整个句子的意思：这三种疾病问题（关于关节炎、高血压和血液循环）——这个年龄段的主要医疗疾病——每年困扰的比例都在下降。

平行结构帮助我们又快又准的解题：

1. 雅思真题之填空题（no more than three words）

T: Such a standard would comprise agreed practices for different kinds of farming, covering agrochemical use, soil health, land management, water and energy use, food safety and animal health. It could go a long way, he says, to shifting consumers as well as farmers towards a more sustainable system of agriculture.

Q: He feels this would help to change the attitudes of both ..........and ....... .

解析： 利用平行结构技巧可快速判断出答案，题目使用both… and…连词，表示 “两者都。。。” ，只需要找到对应段落中的两个并列部分即可，通过扫读发现both…and… 的同义替换as well as，所以答案为consumers, farmers. 

2. 雅思真题之填空题（no more than two words）

T: A third reason why the writing of original science in English was delayed may have been to do with the linguistic inadequacy of English in the early modern period. English was not well equipped to deal with scientific argument. First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world in an objective and impersonal way, and to discuss the relations, such as cause and effect, that might hold between complex and hypothetical entities.

Q: In Britain, moreover. scientists worried that English had neither the ........................ nor the ........................ to express their ideas.

解析： 利用平行结构技巧可快速判断出答案，题目使用neither… nor…连词，表示 “两者都不。。。” ，只需要找到对应段落中的两个并列部分同时含有否定的含义即可，通过扫读发现neither… nor…的同义替换First, it lacked…. Second, it lacked…，所以答案为technical vocabulary, grammatical resources. 

以上就是关于雅思阅读平行结构的分享，大家平时在长难句分析或刷题过程中也要多关注平行结构的技巧哦。