独孤九剑招式破解雅思阅读 （二）“破锁式”分解长难句篇

【锁链形式一】插入语

  插入语通常可以被逗号、破折号等标点符号隔开。句子就像被符号这个锁链串起来一样，非常长。插入语的主要作用是进行附加说明，对主干意思影响甚微。所以，当我们发现句子中的插入语，并将其去除之后，句子主干意思就立刻清晰可见了。

{例} What is rather more significant is the finding that the dopamine neurons in the caudate-a region of the brain involved in learning stimulus-response associations, and in anticipating food and other ‘reward’ stimuli -were at their most active around 15 seconds before the participants’ favourite moments in the music. 详见《剑12T7P3》第3段第1行

这个句子非常长，生僻词汇也多，很不好理解。然而，当我们剔除破折号之间的插入语后，会看到只要理解 that引导的同位语从句，这句话就理解了。

What is rather more significant is the finding that the dopamine neurons in the caudate were at their most active around 15 seconds before the participants’ favourite moments in the music.

{生僻词汇} dopamine  多巴胺 ;  neuron 神经元; caudate活性尾区

{从句大意} 活性尾区的多巴胺神经元最活跃的时间，出现在快要播到实验者最喜欢的音乐部分的前15秒。

【锁链形式二】解除强调句

强调句用 “It is / was +… + that/who/whom +…”这个基本句型结构锁住了句子的主要成分。根据强调成分不同，大致可以分为以下四种情况：

1. 主语：①It be +人+ that/who+ …; ②It be物+that+ …

      {例} ①It was I that/who created the robot. ② It was the robot that created the program.

2. 宾语：①It be +人+ that/whom+ …; ②It be物+that+ …

      {例} It was Jason whom/that I saw at the store this morning. It is the store that I always visit.

3. 地点状语: It be + 地点状语+that+…

     {例} It was at the store that I saw Jason this morning.

4. 时间状语 It be +时间状语+that+…

     {例} It was this morning that I saw him at the store. 

下面

让我们看一下强调句在雅思阅读中的应用

According to Meyer, it is the suspenseful tension of music, arising out of our unfulfilled expectations, that is the source of the music’s feeling. 详见《剑12T7P3》第6段第1行

{生僻词汇} suspenseful 充满悬念的; tension 紧张; unfulfilled未满足

{解除步骤}

· 第一步: 我们可以看到插入语“arising out of our unfulfilled expectations”充当后置定语起修饰作用，是句子次要成分，可以去掉。句子缩减为According to Meyer, it is the suspenseful tension of music, that is the source of the music’s feeling.

· 第二步：…it is.... that ...这里强调主语suspenseful tension of music。当再去掉这个结构后，Meyer要证明的事情就立刻显现了The suspenseful tension of music is the source of music's feeling.(音乐中的紧张悬念是音乐感情的来源。)