托福TPO43阅读真题解析：Passage 2

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首写字母，就是托福在线练习的意思，TPO可以为考生提供全真的模拟考试环境和过往真题，而TPO题库也是有着不断的更新。在托福阅读的备考过程中，除了大量的阅读之外，全面了解托福阅读的题型和解题方法也都是非常重要的环节。而对于很多备考托福的学生来说，TPO往往就是一个首先的备考材料。今天，小编就为大家带来托福TPO43阅读真题解析：Passage 2。

托福TPO43阅读Passage 2 真题解析 【在线咨询】

El Nirio

1. The word "approaches" in the passage is closest in meaning to【词汇题】
A nears
B crosses
C travels along
D leaves
答案： A

解析：approach接近，靠近，对应选项A，靠近。

2. According to paragraph 1, what happens when the Humboldt Current interacts with westward flowing trade winds? 【事实信息题】
A Anchovies from southern waters are carried northward.
B Cold water from lower depths is brought closer to the surface.
C The Humboldt Current stops flowing toward the equator.
D The Humboldt Current begins to flow closer to the coasts of Ecuador and Peru.
答案： B

解析：定位句When the current approaches the equator, the westward-flowing trade winds cause nutrient-rich cold water along the coast to rise from deeper depths to more shallow ones. 当气流接近赤道,向西吹动的信风导致富含营养的冷水沿着海岸上升，从更深的深度变为浅的。因此正确答案为B。

3.Which of the following questions about the El Nino phenomenon is NOT answered in paragraph 2 ? 【否定事实信息题】
A Why is the El Niflo phenomenon called El Nirto?
B How do fishers spend their time during the El Nifio season?
C How do coastal fish obtain enough nutrients during the El Nifio season?
D Is the temperature of coastal waters different during the El Niflo season than it is the rest of the year?
答案： C

解析：A选项对应第二段最后一句，B选项对应第四句，D选项对应第一句，因此正确答案为C。

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4. The word "exceptionally"，in the passage is closest in meaning to【词汇题】
A obviously
B unusually
C relatively
D occasionally
答案： B

解析：exceptionally异常地;特殊地;例外地，对应选项B，不寻常地。

5. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about El Ninos, as that term is now used? 【事实信息题】
A El Nifios can originate in areas other than the Pacific Ocean.
B El Nifios can arise when warm currents last for two months or less.
C El Nifios affect water temperatures long distances from the South American coast.
D Multiple El Niflos can arise within a single calendar year.
答案： A

解析：B选项的can arise错误， C的from the South American coast 错误，D的can arise within a single calendar year错误。因此正确答案为A。

6. The phrase "is usually accompanied by” in the passage is closest in meaning to【词汇题】
A usually develops before
B usually occurs together with
C is usually indicated by
D is usually caused by
答案： B

解析：is usually accompanied by是通常伴随着…，对应选项B通常与…发生在一起。

7. The word "jointly" in the passage is closest in meaning to【词汇题】
A together
B therefore
C rightfully
D simply
答案： A

解析：jointly共同地;连带地，对应选项A，一起，同时。

8. According to paragraph 4, what did Sir Gilbert Walker discover? 【事实信息题】
A There is a close link between El Nifio and the Southern Oscillation.
B Surface pressure readings all across the Pacific first rise and then fall before an El Nifio occurs.
C Surface pressure on one side of the Pacific tends to fall when pressure rises on the opposite side.
D The formation of an El Nirto depends on conditions all across the Pacific, not just in the waters off of South America.
答案： C

解析：定位句Over 60 years ago, Sir Gilbert Walker, a British scientist, discovered a connection between surface pressure readings at weather stations on the eastern and western sides of the Pacific. 在60年前, 英国科学家吉尔伯特沃克爵士,发现了一个在东部气象站和西部的太平洋表面压力读数之间的关系。下文提到他将此关系成为Southern Oscillation，对应选项C。

9. According to paragraph 5, what is the end result of the east-to-west pressure gradient in the eastern Pacific during a typical year? 【事实信息题】
A The formation of a thick, warm layer of water in the western Pacific
B The reversal of the pressure gradient to west-to-east by the end of the year
C A change in the direction of the Southern Oscillation
D The eastward flow of warm water from the western Pacific
答案： A

解析：定位句The western Pacific develops a thick, warm layer of water while the eastern Pacific has the cold Humboldt Current enhanced by upwelling. 西太平洋形成了厚且温暖的水层，而东太平洋的上升流使洪堡寒流增强。因此正确答案为A。

10. According to paragraph 5, all of the following changes occur in the Pacific before an El Nifio begins EXCEPT: 【否定事实信息题】
A Pressure increases in the western Pacific and decreases in the eastern Pacific.
B The trade winds decrease in intensity or reverse in the direction.
C Surface temperatures increase in the central and eastern Pacific.
D Ocean currents speed up as they move eastward.
答案： D

解析：A对应原文中的…with pressure increasing in the western. Pacific and decreasing in the eastern Pacific. B对应…in some cases, to reverse. C对应最后一句的increasing sea-surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific。因此正确答案为D。

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11. What can be inferred about El Ninos from the historical evidence mentioned in paragraph 6 ? 【推断题】
A They have often brought damaging weather to parts of the United States.
B They have been occurring since at least the fifteenth century.
C They occurred less frequently in the sixteenth century than in the fifteenth.
D They have had stronger weather effects on the United States in recent decades than on other locations.
答案： B

解析：定位至第六段第一句此处无关键信息，因此用排除法，A选项的often brought damaging weather … of the United States无法推出，C的less frequently …than in the fifteenth无法推出，D的stronger weather effects…than on other locations无法推出。B选项的at least the fifteenth century对应原文的dating back to the fifteenth century，因此正确答案为B。

12. Why does the author include the information that in 1997-1998 "Snowstorms in the northeast portion of the United States were more frequent and intense than in most years"?【修辞目的题】
A To provide evidence supporting the claim that El Nifios are getting stronger
B To explain why the southern United States experienced copious and damaging rainfall in 1997-1998
C To show that traditional methods are not adequate for documenting the effects of El Niftos
D To identify a consequence of the fact that El Niflos are now occurring a little over once every two years
答案： A

解析：定位句The 1997-1998 El Nifio brought copious and damaging rainfall to the southern United States, from California to Florida. 1997 - 1998年的厄尔尼诺给美国南部带来了大量且破坏性的降雨，从加利福尼亚到佛罗里达。B的原因并没有进行解释，错误;C的not adequate for documenting 未提及，D的 identify a consequence未提及。因此正确答案为A。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. 【句子插入题】
There is clear support for this view in the available documents.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
答案： B

解析：句中的support和available documents在原文中B处出现，对应Records，A处It为指代前文内容，不得断开，D处Even more与前文C处联系紧密，因此正确答案为B。

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. 【概要小结题】
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong To remove an answer choice, click on it.
To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT
As it is currently used, the term El Nirio refers to a strong and lengthy disruption to the normal pattern of ocean currents, water temperatures, and winds in the Pacific.
Answer Choices
An El Nino typically begins when the Humboldt Current causes upwelling as it travels toward the equator along the coast of Peru and Ecuador.
El Nirlos are preceded by the reversal of the usual east-to- west pressure gradient in the Pacific, the weakening or reversal of the trade winds, and the movement of warm water eastward.
Comparisons of historical records with recent past events show that El Ninos are becoming more frequent and stronger.
In an El Nino, warm surface currents replace the Humboldt Current for many months, raising ocean temperatures far from the coast.
Scientists discovered the Southern Oscillation by taking surface-pressure readings at weather stations on both sides of the Pacific.
In recent decades, El Nifios have begun to occur north of the equator and thereby affect weather conditions in the United States.
答案： ACE

解析：A对应原文第一段主要内容概括，C对应第六段的事例及总结，E对应第四段的事例内容。

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