从雅思阅读中学习写作

关键字如何从雅思阅读中学习写作能力

2016-09-18 来源：新通外语网igo99.cn 作者：张楠新通教育阅读量：人喜欢手机阅读

导读

干货丨在雅思中以彼之道还施彼身

做过剑桥《雅思真题7》的同学们应该对 The True Cost of Food 这篇文章并不陌生，里面有很多涉及农业的相关内容。农业和我们的生活息息相关，事关温饱这一最基本的人类生存问题。

此外，农业发展和科技进步息息相关，雅思写作中科技环境类的主题并不鲜见，自然也会涉及到食品、农业等相关内容。既然那么重要，各位小伙伴们，没打算从我们的阅读中汲取点营养么？

下面我们一起来精读其中非常有借鉴意义的一段，即P44的B段。
First mechanization, then mass use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, then monoculture, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering--the onward march of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last half-century, as the yields of produce have soared. But the damage it has caused has been colossal. In Britain, for example, many of our best-loved farmland birds, such as the skylark, the grey partridge, the lapwing and the corn bunting, have vanished from huge stretches of countryside, as have even ore wild flowers and insects. This is a direct result of the hedgerows, thousands of ponds, have disappeared from the landscape. The facial filth of salmon farming has driven wild salmon from many of the sea loaches and rivers of Scotland. Natural soil fertility is dropping in many areas because of continuous industrial fertilizer and pesticide use, while the growth of algae is increasing in lakes because of the fertilizer run-off.

第一句中提到 intensive farming 这么一个术语，意思是“集约式农业”，是农业随着技术进步发展的一个阶段，我们来看看英文中是如何解释的：
Intensive farming or intensive agriculture also known as industrial agriculture is characterized by a low fallow ratio and higher use of inputs such as capital and labour per unit land area. This is in contrast to traditional agriculture in which the inputs per unit land are lower.

从中我们可以知道，intensive farming, intensive agriculture, industrial agriculture 其实是一样的意思，那么写作时不就可以替换了吗？

此外，B段第一句中还介绍了农业发展的不同阶段，从中可知基因工程是目前比较前沿的技术，是不是觉得读了这些，自己对农业的了解瞬间升级了，相关词汇也增加了？那这些信息写作的时候有没有想着用进去呢？

第二句到段尾着重介绍了 intensive farming 带来的负面影响。尤其是第三句中举了很多鸟类的例子，比如 skylark（云雀）、grey partridge（灰鹧鸪）等。这些都是随着农业技术的进步，而逐渐消失在人们视线中的自然界生物。

这段最后一句写到由于化肥和杀虫剂的持续使用，天然的肥力下降，化肥的泄露导致湖中藻类大量繁殖。那当我们写到技术进步对环境带来的危害时，这些例子都是很好的素材，不是么？

Fiona 请大家记得一点，举例子的时候，其实是你充分展示自己高大上词汇的绝佳时机，所以平时要做个有心人，看到可以用的，记到自己的素材本上。用雅思（阅读）来应对雅思（写作），是不是很爽呢？

如果你对农业技术这个话题感兴趣，我们再看看 wikipedia 上关于 intensive farming 还有什么相关内容：

Intensive crop agriculture is characterised by innovations designed to increase yield. Techniques include planting multiple crops per year, reducing the frequency of fallow years and improving cultivars. It also involves increased use of fertilizers, plant growth regulators, pesticides and mechanization, controlled by increased and more detailed analysis of growing conditions, including weather, soil, water, weeds and pests.

This system is supported by ongoing innovation in agricultural machinery and farming methods, genetic technology, techniques for achieving economies of scale, logistics and data collection and analysis technology. Intensive farms are widespread in developed nations and increasingly prevalent worldwide. Most of the meat, dairy, eggs, fruits and vegetables available in supermarkets are produced by such farms.

Smaller intensive farms usually include higher inputs of labor and more often use sustainable intensive methods. The farming practices commonly found on such farms are referred to as appropriate technology. These farms are less widespread in both developed countries and worldwide, but are growing more rapidly. Most of the food available in specialty markets such as farmers markets is produced by these smallholder farms.

参考词汇

intensive farming, intensive agriculture, industrial agriculture (n.) 集约式农业
traditional agriculture (n.) 传统农业
fallow (n.) 休耕地、休耕；(adj.) 休耕的、不活跃的；(vt.) 使（土地）休耕
cultivar (n.) 培育植物、栽培变种
fertilizer (n.) 肥料
chemical fertilizer 化肥
pesticide (n.) 杀虫剂
insecticide (n.) 杀虫剂
herbicide (n.) 除草剂
mechanization (n.) 机械化
innovation (n.) 创新，革新
genetic technology (n.) 基因技术
genetic engineering (n.) 基因工程、遗传工程
economies of scale (n.) 规模经济
sustainable (adj.) 可持续的
widespread (adj.) 广泛的、广泛分布的
vanish (v.) 消失。文中的另一个同近义词 disappear (v.)
colossal (adj.) 巨大的，非常的