【GMAT句子改错】修饰语与时态的二三事

GMAT句子改错：APPOSITIVE MODIFIERS(同位语修饰)

  *set off by commas
  *consist of just a NOUN (or a NOUN + MODIFIERS)

1.必然会有一个逗号2.由一个名词（和其修饰语）来构成

我们先来看6个正确的句子SIX CORRECT SENTENCES:

I went to the bar with Mr. Smith, a consultant from Fresno. （此处a consultant from Fresno是Mr. Smith的同位语）

The plover gets its food by cleaning the mouth of the crocodile, a reptile that could eat the bird at any time. （此处a reptile that could eat the bird at any time是crocodile的同位语）

I went to the bar with Mr. Smith, an outing that was far more fun than staying at work. ( modifies the whole clause) （此处an outing that was far more fun than saying at work并不是Mr. Smith的同位语，而是修饰整句话）

The plover gets its food by cleaning the mouth of the crocodile, a relationship benefits both animals. (此处a relationship benefits both animals显然不是crocodile的同位语，而是修饰前面一句话)

On Sunday our company will hold its annual field day, an outing at which employees drink beers, play softball, and relax. （同样是在修饰一整句话）

Today’s math lesson introduces the direct proportion, a relationship in which one variable is a constant multiple of another.

从上面的例子可以看出，同位语不仅可以修饰前面紧跟这的一个具体的名词，同时还可以修饰整句话。那么具体和抽象就是是指什么呢？请看如下解释：

CONCRETE vs ABSTRACT

If the appositive is CONCRETE, it MUST modify the PRECEDING NOUN.

If the appositive is ABSTRACT, it CAN (NOT MUST) modify the WHOLE IDEA OF THE PERCEDING CLAUSE. *BUT* if the PRECEDING NOUN is ALSO an abstraction, then these can also modify the preceding noun.

CONCRETE is a description used to describe items/people/things/ that you can actually detect with your senses. e.g. things you can touch/hear/hold in your hand/smell etc.

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GMAT句子改错：VERB TENSE

时态在GMAT考试中，也是一个很重要的语法点，在考虑时态方面，不需要考生去分析语法，思考 “内容，发生事件，时间”三个点足矣。

GRAMMER only determines whether something should be VERB or NOT VERB. But, once you you’ve determined that you need a verb, the MEANING/CONTEXT of the sentence is the sole determination of the verb tense.
   In picking verb tenses, you only have to think about CONTEXT and WHAT IS HAPPENING, WHEN.in the sentence (i.e. meaning). You don’t have to analyze grammar.
   Many of our students don’t like to consider the meaning of the sentence!

一般现在时的用法：
PRESENT TENSE
This tense is used to:
State general truths;
Present general action/states that are not fixed in any particular timeframe;
Or present general STATES (NOT ACTION) that are currently true.
It is NOT used for actions that are specifically ongoing in the present timeframe.

我们来看下正确对于时态正确运用的例子：

Correct Uses of Present Tense:

1. Blood circulates through the arteries and veins of the human body. (general truth)
2. When the bulldogs play home games, they wear white jerseys; when they play away games, they wear red jerseys. (general actions that don’t have a fixed timeframe)

再来看下时态用错的反例：

Incorrect Use of Present Tense:

Although inflation currently increases, it will eventually return to its normal level. (In context, this is something that’s actually taking place in the present; therefore, the proper writhing is Although inflation is currently increasing.)（通过currently这个词可以判断是正在发生，因此应该用现在进行而不是一般现在）

我们再来看下不同的时态对句子意思的改变：

In 1987, Smith first observed that the Cuyahoga River was full of pollution.
This is correct if the river is no longer full of pollution.
e.g. In 1987 I first learned that the Soviet Union WAS a communist state.

In 1987, Smith first observed that the Cuyahoga River is full of pollution.
This is correct if the river still has pollution in it (and pretty much will forever)
e.g. In 1987 I first learned that the sun RISES in the east.

以上是新通外语王杰老师为大家分享的【GMAT句子改错】修饰语与时态的二三事，希望对GMAT考生有所帮助。

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