GMAT语法用法之独立主格结构

GMAT语法中对于英语句子的结构考察，除了考察一般的英语句子结构，即一个句子至少一套主谓结构，还考察独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系；独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

GMAT语法主要考察三种独立主格结构：

1、名词+现在分词，过去分词，不定式，形容词，副词，介词短语。

2、Each的复合结构：形式为:句子+复数名词结尾,each+介词短语、形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing形式

3、With( without) 的复合结构。

三种不同的独立结构的区别在于，“名词+现在分词，过去分词，不定式，形容词，副词，介词短语 ”结构在句子中做状语，Each的复合结构着重于强调句尾的名词，With( without) 的复合结构与主句形成紧密的逻辑关系，例如：He doesn’t like to sleep，with the windows open.

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“with the windows open.”结构去掉，句子的意思不够完整。

例题分析1，：Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company’s basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each with its own executive.

(A) each with its own executive

(B) all having their own executive

(C) each having their own executive

(D) with its own executive for each

(E) every one with an executive of their own

答案为A，each with its own executive 主要是强调句尾的名词“five groups”

例题分析2：

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The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian—vegetables, fresh cheese, oatmeal, and meal cakes, and meat rarely.

(A) and meat rarely

(B) and meat was rare

(C) with meat as rare

(D) meat a rarity

(E) with meat as a rarity

答案为E 注意这里的rare 是多义词有 “稀少的”也有 “（肉）半熟的”的意思，为避免歧义C选项是可以排除的，rarity：“稀少，稀有”用名词不会引起歧义。

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