托福阅读表格题的解题技巧

参加过托福考试的同学，都很清楚表格题是托福阅读中的一道重要题型。作为托福阅读题型之一，它主要考查考生将文中主要观点和其他重要信息抽象出来并填入表格正确位置的能力。下面小编将结合具体的例子为大家分享托福阅读表格题的解题技巧，希望可以帮助大家备考新托福阅读。

一、表格题答题要求

在表格填写题中，考生会见到一个根据文中信息制作的、并留出部分空白项的表格。表格中经常会有2或3栏/行表格，包括5个正确答案选项。备选答案总会多于正确答案，一些备选答案为干扰选项。每个备选答案在表格中只能使用一次，如果一个备选答案对应表格中的多个选项栏或者不对应任何选项栏，那么在表格中会标有“both”或“neither”字样。考生需要在备选答案中挑出正确选项，并将正确选项拖入表格中的相应位置。

二、表格题评分标准

和阅读部分其他单选题不同，表格题的满分为3分，根据选出正确答案的多少，考生会得到不同的分数。没有答对或只答对1或2个答案不得分;答对3个答案得1分;答对4个答案得2分;5个全对得满分3分。

三、表格题解题技巧

表格题考查考生将文中主要观点和其他重要信息抽象出来并填入表格正确位置的能力。也就是说，考生先要找出并确定文章的要点，然后将其填入正确位置。要正确解答这类考题，考生需要在头脑中形成文章的一个整体结构框架，并记清文章主要观点和其他重要信息。

四、表格题例题解析

我们以TPO13中的一道表格题为例，来看一些这类题该如何解答。

Paragraph 2: People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance.

Paragraph 3: Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.

Paragraph 7: Third, primary groups are fundamental because they serve as powerful instruments for social control. Their members command and dispense many of the rewards that are so vital to us and that make our lives seem worthwhile. Should the use of rewards fail, members can frequently win by rejecting or threatening to ostracize those who deviate from the primary group's norms. For instance, some social groups employ shunning (a person can remain in the community, but others are forbidden to interact with the person) as a device to bring into line individuals whose behavior goes beyond that allowed by the particular group. Even more important, primary groups define social reality for us by structuring our experiences. By providing us with definitions of situations, they elicit from our behavior that conforms to group-devised meanings. Primary groups, then, serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them.

Directions: Complete the table below by selecting three answer choices that are characteristics of primary groups and two answer choices that are characteristics of secondary groups. This question is worth 3 points.

Primary Groups

●

●

●

Secondary Groups

●

●

Answer Choices

○ Developing socially acceptable behavior

○ Working together against competitors

○ Experiencing pressure from outside forces

○ Viewing people as a means to an end

○ Existing for practical purposes

○ Providing meaning for life situations

○ Involving close relationships

解析：

纵观全文我们会发现，作者用了文章的第四到七段较大篇幅讲主要群体，却只用了第二和第三段的部分讲到次要群体，而且本文对于两个群体的叙述存在交叉，交叉的部分主要在第二三两段，但这两段的叙述也是先主要群体后次要群体，所以顺序性还是有的。

Developing选项对应第七段的第三句和第四句(“如果奖励方式不当，群体内成员就会通过拒绝或威胁来摒弃那些背离群体规范的人。例如，一些社会群体采取规避措施——人可以留在群体中，但禁止其他成员与其交流——从而将特定群体中逾矩的个体慢慢同化与他人一致。”)这段话主要讲的是主要群体的特征。

Existing 和Viewing选项分别对应第三段的第四句(“次要群体也是由两个以上成员组成，他们因非个人关系聚到一起都是为了一个特定的，实际的目标而努力。”)和第五句(“工具纽带在次要群体中起了重要的作用，我们把人自身看做是人目标的途径而不是人们自己权利的目标。”)，属于次要群体的特征。

Providing选项对应第二段(“情感纽带是当我们做情感投资并致力于他人的一种社会关系。通过和对我们来说十分重要的人交流从而得到安全感、爱情、认同、友谊以及个人价值等一系列情感。”)和第三段的第三句(“情感纽带在主要社群中起主导作用，我们把人们自身看做目标和人们自己权利的价值。”)，属于主要群体的特征。

Involving选项对应第三段的第二句(“一个主要群体包含两个以上成员，他们彼此之间的关系是直接的,亲密的,聚合性的。”)，属于主要群体的特征。

其他两个选项在文章中没有提及。因此Primary Groups的特征有Developing选项、Providing选项和Involving选项;Secondary Groups的特征有Existing 选项和Viewing选项。

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