雅思阅读：准确把握题干关键词

寻找3种语言重现
　　同其他考试的阅读部分相比，雅思考试阅读部分最大的特点是文章篇幅长。考生要在 一个小时内完成8种类型共计40道题目(这个要求近乎苛刻)。因此，阅读目的就从单纯的“信息获取’’转变成”寻找答案”。在这个过程中，原文涉及的大部分细节内容对于完成题目是无意义的，无需字斟句酌。只有在阅读中准确把握题干的关键词，才能区分哪些字句与题目(答题点)有关。
　　所谓“关键词’’是指题干中的核心词或者决定答案性质或位置的词。典型的关键词是 句子的主干、人名、地名、时间、数字和生词。由于它们会在原文重现，因此产生了一种答题方法：回原文找关键词。这往往给考生一种印象：只要在题干中划出关键词就一定能找到原词。那么关键词一定会“原型”重现吗?

请看下面这道判断题：
　　Example: While it is acknowledged for many years that an increasing number of animals are bound to become extinctit is only recently that the problem has been addressed by politicians．
　　题目: We have known for along time that more species of animals will disappear．(判断题) AA语言重现
　　关键词在原文中以原词形式出现。AA语言重现在试题中占的比例最大，也是最简单的 一类考法。它以特殊关键词为主，包括人名、地名、时间、数字和生词。
　　Example: At precisely 4:20 am on Friday the 24th of September 1993 it was announced that Sydney had beaten five other competing cities around the world，and Australians everywhere，not only
Sydney-siders，were justifiably proud of the result．But，if Sydney had lost the bid，would the taxpayers of NESW and of Australia have approved of government's spending millions of dollars in a failed and costly exercise?
　　题目：How many cities were competing in 1993 for the right to hold the 2000 Games? (简答题)AB语言重现
　　定义：关键词A在原文中以同义词B的形式出现。AB语言重现题考察考生的单词量，主要凭理解力去定位。
　　Sea fishing grew rapidly in the decades after the Second World War.  Mechanisation increased the fishermen's catch in traditional grounds and then carried them to distant waters for more.
　　题目: Technological developments contributed to the higher fish catches after the Second World War. ( 判断题 ) 关系重现
　　定义：所谓“关系重现”是把定位对象从“词”上升到“句子结构”，从而越过生词造成的阅读障碍。这是最关键的一类语言重现，是阅读技巧的完美体现。

例：Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded.
　　题目：Paper is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is _________(填空题) 再比如，有一道简答题这样问：
　　Name TWO reasons for loss of farmland. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS in both of your answers. Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle, without adequate supplies of food, Lampe says, chaos could easily result in many countries. And the impact will be felt widely throughout the region. In the 1990s alone, he says, the cities of Asia will be swollen by a further 500 million peoplenearly equal to the population of the United States and
　　European Community combined. "The only growing population in Asia is that of the poor. Prime productive land is being used for city expansion and building roads, while thousands of hectares are being taken out of production each year because of salinity and alkalinity."

发现文章中的信号词
　　一篇雅思阅读文章的主体是实词(名词、动词、形容词等)，但一些表面上不起眼的虚词却往往成为答案的信号，我们称之为“信号词”，并建议读者给予它们特别的关注。 转折信号词
转折信号词的作用是否定前项肯定后项，使前后两句话的方向或意思相反。表示转折关系的信号词有：but，yet，however，whereas，in fact，on the contrary，conversely, on the other hand等。 公式:     A （正/负）， but  B (负/正)
　　应用: 在阅读前半句时就可以预测后半句的大意，使接下来的阅读过程变成求证，如同把文章读了两遍。另外，在有生词的情况下，只要理解了半句话的意思，就可以推测另一半句子的含义。例如1：
　　The second flaw in the reasoning of the WZCS ( The World Zoo Conservation Strategy )document is the naive faith it places in its 1,000 core zoos. One would assume that the caliber of these institutions would have been carefully examined, but it appears that the criterion for inclusion on this select list might merely be that the zoo is a member of a zoo federation or association. This might be a good starting point, working on the premise that members must meet certain standards, but again the facts don't support the theory.

题目：Zoos in the WZCS select list were carefully inspected．(判断题)
　　例如2： The Aborigines made no use of Leptospermum or Dodonaea as food plants, yet the early settlers found that one could be used as a substitute for tea and the other for hops. 例如3：
From the mid-1960s when 'the Green revolution began, Asian food production doubled through a combination of high-yielding crops, expanded farming area and greater intensification. However, a mysterious threat is emerging in the noticeably declining yields of rice. 让步信号词
　　让步信号词的作用与转折信号词相同，让前后两句话的方向或意思相反。表示让步关系的信号词有：though，although，while，albeit，despite，in spite of，nevertheless，nonetheless等。 公式： although A （正/负）， B (负/正)
　　应用 ：让步信号词具有同转折信号词相同的用法，可在阅读的过程中根据前半句的方向或意思判断后半句的方向或意思。例如：Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle，without adequate supplies of food，chaos could easily result．
　　分析 ：前半句是正面积极的意思，后半句话峰一转，表述负面消极的意思。

例：While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given greater quantity of food. 分析  while是个含义丰富的连词，它在雅思阅读中最常见的意思是a，though”尽管，虽然”。
前半句说鸭子的好处，后半句说坏处。

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