YOYO说旅行 | 驰骋大东欧第四集（中）

YOYO说旅行 | 驰骋大东欧第四集（中）

名师专栏从“萌日”--十月十日开启至今，恰好一周了。七位老师轮流出场，给大家讲故事、聊心情、分析机经。

经历了一周七天，每天10分钟的专栏阅读，你是不是越来越发现，学术和生活其实可以完美融合？你是否越来越感到，自己正在向托福雅思备考专家，西方文化达人慢慢靠近？

名师专栏由《YOYO说旅行》开始，今天又“轮”回了YOYO，在这个晴朗的周六，陪伴你一起放飞心情。

这一集，我们继续游览罗马尼亚。

文中加粗部分是值得学习的词汇和短语【YOYO说词】，下划线部分为有借鉴意义的漂亮句型【YOYO说句】，正文后都有详解。

Romania

Romania's Maramures region may be modernising in places but take a walk in the countryside among forests, wooden churches and hay stooks and you'll feel like you've stepped back in time

II.
We reached the village of Breb and checked in at Pensiunea Marioara. Did we want a room in the old wooden house in the garden, or one in the new, more substantial, concrete house? We chose the concrete house because we could look at the wooden house from our balcony. There was traditional Maramures music playing, but on CD. It was incessantly jaunty. Our hostess, Marioara, soothed us with excellent homemade delicacies. Next day we set out walking. The wooden churches of the area were a big reason to come here, but the first we came to was of concrete. A conversation with an old basket maker was abruptly terminated by three Italian tourists who stepped between us, taking pictures.

We wandered on, a little disconcerted, towards the village of Hoteni. The plum trees were laden with fruit and the freshly cut meadows were speckled with stooks. At the church I watched a man remove his straw hat – the oddly conicalbe-ribboned traditional Maramures one – and cross himself as he passed. Nearby, the road was being rebuilt and there were traffic lights and growling lorries: we cut away across country, following any path we could find. An eagle soared. We ate our lunch in the shade of a walnut tree. My wife Sophie and daughter Maddy headed back to Breb while I made a detour, up a hill to where two men, both named Vasile, were loading hay on a horse-drawn cart. One of them spoke French. I had a go at forking hay, but the older Vasile soon took the tool back. “There's rain coming, we'll have to be quicker.” A few minutes later I found myself sitting on top of the wagon, lurching down secret back roads to his house where I was taught how to stook and rewarded with a tot of homemade spirits.

Where was the wooden church, I asked? Vasile showed me a path and along it I met another man, also called Vasile. My journey was interrupted with a trip to his house where I drank from his well. At the church I watched woodpeckers attacking the steeple, then wandered on, coming across an old man in a traditional smock, negotiating the price of a football-sized cheese with a man on horseback. I walked with him to his house and found his grandson helping to re-shingle the roof. “Where are you going?” he asked. It turned out he was on holiday from a job in London. “Is your name Vasile?” I asked. It was, and it was his grandfather's name too.

“Maramures has changed a lot,” he said, “People have gone abroad and made money and now are building new houses.” But this Vasile, only 28 years old, had a view on that. “It all happened very fast, but now we are realising that we have to value the old and traditional too. I'm rebuilding my grandfather's house, but I won't change a thing – it will be all traditional, exactly like a century ago.”

He showed me inside, the two rooms hung with embroidered hangings and the roof studded with cooking pots. Back outside the 89-year-old was helping his 86-year-old wife dig out a ditch. When I asked for a photograph, she screeched in alarm and disappeared, only to reappear with a fresh headscarf, “You can't photograph me in that old thing.”

“They stay young by working,” said the younger Vasile. “They don't retire or watch television.”

YOYO说词

Substantial 形容建筑物大而坚固（看完这句话的时候 YOYO 只想说，Keven，还不是为了让你们有舒适的住宿条件才建造了那些违和感的楼么……而后面一句话又是多么堂而皇之地摆出了一个一点也不堂皇的理由……）

incessantly 不间断地
jaunty 精力充沛的

delicacies 美味佳肴
abruptly 唐突地（其实 Kevin 没必要提及这三位驴友的国籍… …但他还是这样做了……他强烈的怨念啊……）

disconcerted 不知所措的
were laden with （硕果）累累
speckled with 不是第一次看到这个短语了，意思和 dotted with 几乎一样

conical 圆锥形的
be-ribboned 缎带装饰的

growling 隆隆驶过的
detour 迂回，绕道
had a go 尝试一下

forking 叉运，叉掘
wagon 四轮马车
lurching 踉跄而行

re-shingle 修葺房顶；重新给房顶铺上木板
had a view on 某某有话说；某某对……有自己的见解

embroidered hangings 刺绣的帷幔
studded with 布满了；现在积累了几个类似的短语了呢？speckled with, dotted with, studded with, and…?

screeched in alarm 惊叫一声

YOYO说句
1. The plum trees were laden with fruit and the freshly cut meadows were speckled with stooks. At the church I watched a man remove his straw hat - the oddly conical be-ribboned traditional Maramures one - and cross himself as he passed. Nearby, the road was being rebuilt and there were traffic lights and growling lorries: we cut away across country, following any path we could find. An eagle soared. We ate our lunch in the shade of a walnut tree.

读这段话时需要关注两个方面。其一，体会不同景致如何组成四幅画面；其二，学习四幅画面如何组成一段行程。

先来看画面。四幅画面各有千秋——
画面一，果树草地，由近及远，静态风景画；

画面二，戴草帽的当地人，由局部到整体，人物特写长镜头；

画面三，正在翻修中的公路，路灯和大货车，喧闹，声与光；

画面四，雄鹰飞过头顶上方的天空，辽阔与不羁；天空下是一棵桃树的树荫，树荫下是享用午餐的 Kevin 一家，一隅的温馨，由远及近。

作者的写作功底可见一斑，但英文本身的语法特征也功不可没——如果你回头去看何处使用了过去分词，而又有何处使用的是 -ing 形式，你就会明白YOYO在说什么。Laden 使得画面饱满而静谧，而 being built 和 growling 则让我们看到了一个扬尘四起的镜头。

回到雅思口试上来。还是那句话，你需要用你的眼睛先发现美，才有可能用你的语言让考官也感受并认同这种美；你发现的美越多，考官能感受并认同的美也就越多。所以，咱们旅行越有心，说的话就越走考官的心。

现在来看第二点，如何把所有的美有机整合，增强上下文的连贯性。首先我们要明白的一点是，除了外在的通过连接词逻辑联系(coherence)，语义和语境也能实现连贯 (cohesion)。对于地点题来讲，时间和路线都是实现连贯的手段。

大家可能觉得这一点不言自明。不过YOYO要告诉大家的是，在考场上，考生们总是更多地以“时间”带“路线”，即以“第N天”为纲，说一天罗列几个景点，于是一场鲜活的旅程硬生生沦落为流水账日记；很少有人以“路线”为纲，也就是地点转换为纲，主打景致和画面本身。

在这里，YOYO建议大家，大框架还是可以以时间为纲，但在述及某一时间段内所见所闻时，千万不要只是告诉考官“我去了A、B、C三个地方，可好玩儿啦”，而是最好能够借鉴一下 Kevin 这段话的手法，以画面/镜头描写为主。

2. At the church I watched woodpeckers attacking the steeple, then wandered on, coming across an old man in a traditional smock, negotiating the price of a football-sized cheese with a man on horseback. I walked with him to his house and found his grandson helping to re-shingle the roof.

延续上一题。请各位仔细体会这里不同色彩标出的词语。想体现动态效果，-ing不可或缺。

3.“Maramures has changed a lot,” he said,“People have gone abroad and made money and now are building new houses.” But this Vasile, only 28 years old, had a view on that. “It all happened very fast, but now we are realising that we have to value the old and traditional too. I'm rebuilding my grandfather’s house, but I won't change a thing - it will be all traditional, exactly like a century ago.”

“现代”和“革新”一定是好的么？“传统”到底是不可雕的朽木还是该珍藏的陈酒？——这个话题，见仁见智。不过，不论你是否与28岁的 Vasile 所见略同，都不妨碍你参考借鉴他所说的一些话。

一处是"Maramures has changed a lot,…People have gone abroad and made money and now are building new houses." 这告诉我们"Change"这个话题在回答时还可以跟人们的生活方式和观念的转变有关；

另一处是"now we are realising that we have to value the old and traditional too"，可以直接拿来，告诉考官，对于古老的文明，悠久的文化，以及传统民俗中各种 material 或 intangible 的存在，你所持的态度是"value"，或是"respect"，甚至可以有"reverence"。

4.“They stay young by working,”
相当于“劳作让他们永葆青春”，或者 "Working is the key/secret for them to stay young/to their good health"。在这里，我们可以把 stay 换成 keep，或者把 young 变为 healthy，active，happy 等等，然后用各种你认为靠谱的行为来替换 working。

下周请看，YOYO说罗马尼亚最后一集。 

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