托福口语Task 4答题攻略

托福口语第四题包含了读，听，说三项内容。首先，要在45秒内阅读一篇75至100字左右的学术文章，内容会涉及某个学术名词以及该名词的定义解释。之后，听力部分是一段课堂内容节选，教授会引用一个或两个具体的实例来解释说明阅读短文中的学术概念。最后，同学们需要将阅读和听力部分记录的重点复述出来。很多学生觉得第四题难度较大，那么第四题的答题要点有哪些呢?

托福口语答题要点(三要点)：

① 概念定义，用自己的话说明某个概念，技巧：看到诸如 “this is known as”, “this is referred to as”, “this is called”, “people call this”, “people refer to this as”等类似表达的时候 , 此表达的前边一句话 , 很可能便是阅读中概念的定义句。

② 例子(1-2个例子)

③ 说明这个例子和概念的关系。这个也是大部分学生忽略的一点，这也是很多同学第4题只能拿到Fair的原因，因为没有阐述例子与概念之间的关系。

那么掌握答题要点以后，有什么需要特别注意的呢?

第一， 概念只需要一句话就可以， 用时保证在10-15s，尽量缩短定义的时间，这就要求学生尽量记笔记，并用自己的话复述出定义。

第二， 例子只需要summary便可以，不用引用过多细节。适当加入小细节可以展示获取信息能力，但是例子不用太过详细，一定要控制好整体时间。

第三， 一定要简单概括这个例子和概念的关系

第四， 如果听力部分的例子中出现专有名词(如植物名和动物名),听力过程中没有辨别出来这个单词或者没有抓住的情况下， 可以用a kind of plant和 a kind of bird之类的短语表达 ,这样可以弥补口语考试中的空缺,也不会太多影响口语评分。

以下面这道题为例(TPO13)

阅读部分：

Perceptual Constancy

How an object affects our senses depends in part on external conditions, and these conditions are always changing. An object viewed from one angle presents a different shape to our eyes than when viewed from another angle; similarly, as the distance from which we view an object changes, the object will appear larger or smaller. In spite of this, even as conditions change and we see objects differently, we still recognize that they remain the same. This is what is known as perceptual constancy. If not for perceptual constancy, we might have difficulty recognizing familiar objects if we viewed them in a new and different context.

从 This is what is known as perceptual constancy.我们知道前面一句话就是Perceptual constancy的定义，even as conditions change and we see objects differently, we still recognize that they remain the same.

听力部分：

Professor：

Let’s take an everyday example an ordinary round plate like you’d find in a kitchen. If you hold the plate directly in front of your face and look at it, what shape do you see? A perfect circle, right?

Suppose you tilt the plate to a different angle, to a horizontal position, like you’re planning to put food on it, still a perfect circle? No! The circle is now stretched out, flattened into an oval. Do you conclude the plate had actually changed shape? Or that it’s a different object, not the same plate? Of course not! It looks different, but we perceive it as still being the same.

Here’s a different example. This classroom we’re in. It’s fairly large, right?

Now, from up close, from the front row, I appear to be relatively big, bigger than if you’re in the last row, right? But let’s say you’re sitting in the front row today but tomorrow you’re sitting in the back row. From back there I’m going to look smaller, but you don’t think I’ve actually gotten smaller. You don’t think you’re seeing a different professor, a guy who looks like me except he’s smaller. No matter where you are, up close or far away, you understand without even thinking about it, that I’m the same size, the same person.

例子中教授举了两个例子：

1) plate角度不同，一个circle, 一个 oval。

2) 在教室距离不一样，professor看起来size不一样。

3) 最重要的第三步便是来说明这个例子如何来支持这个概念的。

1) The first example shows that the shape of the plate changes, but because of the concept of perceptual constancy, we don’t think we have two plates.

2) The second example shows that although the professor seems to have different sizes in the two situations, again, because of perceptual constancy, we know he’s the same person.

整理出来的参考答案是：

Perceptual constancy is the phenomenon that however the external conditions that affect our perception of an object, we still recognize it.

According to the professor, there’re two examples of this. The first one is about angle. When you hold a plate upright to your face, you see a perfect circle. But if a plate is placed horizontally, it stretched out, flattened into an oval. Anyway, no matter what shape we see, we always know that it’s the same plate. Another example is about distance. For example, if a student sits in the front row, he’ll see a bigger and taller professor. But if he sits in the back row, he will see a smaller professor. However, he still knows that it’s the same professor no matter bigger or smaller. And that’s how perceptual constancy works.

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