【攻略】托福阅读选非题分析

托福阅读题目中的选非题的本质其实也是细节题，跟细节题不同之处在于，细节题的四个选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的且是原文提到的正确观点，而选非题的四个选项中有三个是原文提到的正确内容，考生需要找出一个内容不正确或文中未提及的选项。选非题也有两种基本的解题技巧，一是根据主题词去原文中寻找并列，二是通过选项到原文中定位排除。

第一，根据主题词去原文中寻找并列。
　　选非题在原文中一般是有并列结构存在的，因此我们首先选用的方法是根据题干中的主题词去原文定位，看看是否有并列存在。并列分两种情况，第一种是在原文中集中列举，如including A, B, C and D。第二种是在原文中分散列举，如first...second....third....;或者.....moreover/in addition......，当你发现有moreover或者in addition这样的字眼时，就要知道在这之前肯定还有别的并列内容，在原文找到这些并列内容之后，就可以跟选项一一对应，选出原文没有提到的，或者与原文相反的，或者虽然是原文提到的正确信息但是答非所问的选项。下面我们就来具体看一个例子。

Paragraph 3: The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.

6. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as places that sediment-laden rivers can deposit their sediments EXCEPT
　　○A mountain valley
　　○Flat land
　　○A lake floor
　　○The seafloor

首先根据题干中的关键词sediment-laden定位至原文第一句说river or stream emerges from a mountain valley，说明a mountain valley是河流的发源地而不是积累沉淀的地方，因此直接就可以选出A。后面说了emerges from ...onto relatively flat land, dropping its load,即是将load留在了flat land上，对应选项B;接着下一句说also dropped说明后面紧跟的也是河流积累沉淀的地方，the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor，说明沉淀也会留在lake floor或者sea floor，分别对应选项C和D。

第二，通过选项到原文中定位排除。
　　当在原文中找不到明显的并列内容，或者原文的段落很长选项也很长，或者通过题干关键词无法定位的话，我们就会选择用选项到原文中进行定位，一一排除正确选项，选出错误选项。通过选项进行定位时还是要根据我们之前在细节题中讲过的定位方法进行定位。下面我们来看一个具体的例子。

Paragraph1: The greater Pacific region, traditionally called Oceania, consists of three cultural areas: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Melanesia, in the southwest Pacific, contains the large islands of New Guinea, the Solomons, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia. Micronesia, the area north of Melanesia, consists primarily of small scattered islands. Polynesia is the central Pacific area in the great triangle defined by Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand. Before the arrival of Europeans, the islands in the two largest cultural areas, Polynesia and Micronesia, together contained a population estimated at 700,000.

1. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true statements about Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia EXCEPT:
　　○ Collectively, these regions are traditionally known as Oceania.
　　○ These islands of Micronesia are small and spread out.
　　○ Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand mark the boundaries of Polynesia.
　　○ Melanesia is situated to the north of Micronesia.

这个题目的题干中有三个地点，但是我们通过这三个词去原文定位发现整个段落都是讲这三个地点，因此我们不能用它们来进行准确定位，而且在原文中也没有发现明显的并列关系，所以我们就需要利用选项进行定位。A选项根据Oceania定位至原文第一句，跟选项对应，A排除;B和D选项共同可以利用Micronesia定位至第三句，发现原文说的是Mi在Me的北面，D选项正好与原文相反，所以就可以选出答案D。C选项根据 Polynesia定位至原文第四句，选项跟原文一致，C也排除。因此最终答案选D。

通过上述分析，不难发现，方法二“通过选项到原文中定位排除”相对简单易操作，所以建议各位考生在平时练习过程中多采用“排除法”进行选非题的练习，这样不仅能练习快速浏览的能力，而且还能节省做题时间。

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