雅思阅读---填空题答题技巧

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 填空题作为雅思阅读五大题型之一，每场考试中一般会有一篇文章涉及，除了短文填空、单句填空之外，还有很多衍生题型，如：简答题、图形题和流程图题。填空题的实质就是提供一部分信息，要求考生利用已知信息寻找相关内容的能力。 

无论是单句填空还是短文填空，都是考察寻找空格前后内容替换表达的能力。做题步骤如下：

根据题目的标题回文章定位至某一段落，如果没有标题则根据题目的首句中不可替换词直接将题目定位至句子。

读空格所在句子，粗略判断所填词的词性与变形。

根据空格所在句子的逻辑关系回到段落中细定位，根据预判结果对应解题。

填空题若有选项，则应先依据全文以段落主题筛选语义和语法均符合要求的选项。

短文填空和单句填空没有本质性差异。 

以剑7 Test1 Passage3 Educating Psyche为例：

此处省去前6段

7. Lozanov experimented with teaching by direct suggestion during sleep, hypnosis and tance states, but found such procedures unnecessary. Hypnosis, yoga, Silva mind-control, religious ceremonies and faith healing are all associated with successful suggestion, but none of their techniques seem to be essential to it. Such rituals may be seen as placebos. Lozanov acknowledged that the ritual surrounding suggestion in his own system is also a placebo, but maintains that without such a placebo people are unable or afraid to tap the reserve capacity of their brains. Like any placebo, it must be dispensed with authority to be effective. Just as a doctor calls on the full power of autocratic suggestion by insisting that the patient take precisely this white capsule precisely three times a day before meals, Lozanov is categoric in insisting that the suggestopedic session be conducted exactly in the manner designed, by trained and accredited suggestopedic teachers.

8. While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety though success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and his associates. We can, perhaps, attribute mediocre results to an inadequate placebo effect. The students have not developed the appropriate mind set. They are often not motivated to learn through this method. They do not have enough “faith”. They do not see it as “real teaching”, especially as it does not seem to involve the “work” they have learned to believe is essential to learning.

题目：Suggestopedia uses a less direct method of suggestion than other techniques such as hypnosis. However, Lozanov admits that a certain amount of 1._____ is necessary in order to convince students, even if this is just a 2._____. Furthermore, if the method is to succeed, teachers must follow a set procedure. Although Lozanov’s method has become quite 3.______ the results of most other teachers using this method have been 4._______. 

A. spectacular B. teaching C. lesson D. authoritarian

E. unpopular F. ritual G. unspectacular H. placebo

I. involved J. appropriate K. well known  

分析：因为没有标题，所以无法根据标题定位，进而读题目第一句，发现hypnosis对应第7段第一句中的hypnosis，因此粗略判断填空会在该段出题。进而根据Lozanov和acknowledged与题目中的admit的同义转换，定位至该段第三句。接下来对词性进行预判，1.填不可数名词， 2.填可数名词单数，3.填形容词 4.填形容词或动词的过去分词。下一步要根据空格所在句子的逻辑关系和预判结果进行解题，第一个空格后面necessary对应原文的without such placebo, people are unable to … 所以题目1后面暂定填placebo，而题目2前面的this是对于前文的指代，实际上指代的题目1填的内容，因为文中清楚写明the ritual surrounding suggestions in his own system is also a placebo，因此题目2的答案暂定为ritual，而实际上题目1.2的内容为替换关系，但是根据预判的结果，题目2要求是可数名词单数，所以两道题中的placebo和ritual需要调换位置，答案为1.F 2. H

题目3和4根据spectacular进行定位，而原文中的while体现的对比关系对应的题目中的although，同时原文的few teachers….emulate the spectacular results… 对应题目中的most other teachers，因为few所代表的否定概念，说明few+ spectacular = most + 否定spectacular的形容词，因此选G，根据对比关系，题目3只需找出G. unspectacular的反义词即可，为A. 

实际上，填空题重点考察的是空格外词汇的理解，即对替换能力的考察，而非所填词汇本身的词义，因此考生需要在平日的备考中加强多替换关系的掌握和积累，避免在填空题中失分。

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