雅思阅读判断题“判断原则”

一、选择“正确”的几种情况：

1. 题目为原文的同义转化 （同义词／近义词替换）
　　原文: Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss of explaining their demise.
　　题目: Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.

2. 题目为原文的归纳概括
　　原文：It has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call received by the police. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes–still quite a rapid response–the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.
　　题目：A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught.

3. 原文的主语范围包括了题目的主语范围
　　原文: All the students and staff are automatically members of the Recreation and Aquatics Centers.
　　题目: The girl students can become the members of the Recreation and Aquatics Centers as soon as they enter the university.

4. 题目为原文的稍加推断

1）句型结构的推断
　　原文: A mother’s wanting her partner to do more housework and child care is a better predictor of poor family adjustment than actual time spent by fathers in these tasks.
　　题目: The number of hours a father spends doing child care is not the best indicator of how well the family is adjusted.

2）数字简单运算原则
　　原文: As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia.
　　题目: One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.

3）双重否定相当于肯定的原则
　　原文: Only 14 percent fathers are highly participant in terms of time spent on family work.
　　题目: The vast majority of fathers do not take part to any great extent in family.

二、选择“错误”的几种情况：

1. 题目与原文意思直接或间接相反
　　原文: Fifty-three percent of all households owned either a dog or a cat.
　　题目: Researches show that more than half of Australia families have both a cat and a dog.

2. 题目偷换原文的概念
　　原文: Most of the port city’s population is engaged in providing goods and services for the city itself. Trade outside the city is its basic function, but each basic worker requires food, housing, clothing and other such services.
　　题目: Most people in a port city are engaged in international trade and finance.

3. 题目与原文所指内容的频率范围不同。

1）题目与原文使用了不同的频率
　　原文: Without a qualification from a reputable school or university, it is unlikely to find a good job.
　　题目: It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.

2）原文是多个情形都可以，题目是仅仅其中一个情况
　　原文: Since the Winter Games began, 55 out of 56 gold medals in the men’s Nordic skiing events have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union.
　　题目: Only Scandinavians have won gold medals in the men’s winter Olympics.

3) 原文为多个条件，题目减少条件或无条件。
　　原文: The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users.
　　题目: The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous.

4. 原文强调主观臆断或一种理论，而题目中却强调事实
　　原文: But generally winter sports were felt to be too specialized.
　　题目: The Antwerp Games proved that winter sports were too specialized.

三、选择“无法判断”的情况

1. 题目的内容原文根本没有提到
　　原文: In Beijing, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palates and pockets.
　　题目: There is now a grater variety of restaurants to choose from in Beijing than in the past.

2. 原文中没有比较，而题目中有比较级
　　原文：There are a variety of sports very popular in present China, such as soccer, basketball and badminton.
　　题目：Soccer has enjoyed the same popularity as basketball in China.

3．题目的陈述比原文的陈述更具体
　　1）原文中涉及的范围大于题目涉及的范围
　　原文: The tourists come mainly from Europe.
　　题目: The tourists come mainly form the UK.

2）原文指的是比例关系，题目说的是数量关系
　　原文: Many teachers find their jobs very rewarding.
　　题目: The majority of teachers get satisfaction from their work.

4.  原文讲的是将来会或可能发生的事情，题目表述的是事实
　　原文: He vowed he would never come back.
　　题目: He never came back.

由此可见，判断题里面“正确”，“错误”以及“无法判断”，每一种都包括很多种可能的情况。但是如果我们仔细观察，不能发现，“正确”的实质是题目与原文是同替的关系，无论是同义转换，归纳概括还是稍加推断。“错误”的实质是不正确且与文中信息不共存，意思是说题目描述是不正确的且与文中的信息是无法同时存在的。“无法判断”的实质是不正确但与文中信息共存，意思是说题目描述是不正确的，但可以与文中的信息可以同时存在。

判断题做题总纲
　　» 同替 ＝》正确
　　» 不正确且不共存 ＝》错误
　　» 不准确但可以共存 ＝》无法判断