SAT阅读必考建国文献之《独立宣言》，你读懂了么

新SAT阅读中增加了对美国建国文献的考察，也就是说，如果没读过《独立宣言》，没学过美国宪法，不知道美国国会的构成和职能，不了解汉密尔顿是谁等等，想读懂新SAT阅读是很难的。为了帮助童鞋们克服缺乏背景知识的障碍，小派老师特意整理了新SAT明确要考察的建国文献之一《独立宣言》的中英双语版，希望对童鞋们备考新SAT有所帮助~

TheDeclaration of Independence

《独立宣言》

IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776

1776年7月4日，国会

THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THETHIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERAICA

《美利坚合众国十三个州的一致宣言》

When in the course of human events, itbecomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which haveconnected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, theseparate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitlethem, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they shoulddeclare the causes which impel them to the separation.

在人类事务的进程中，当一个民族必须解除同另一个民族的政治联系，并按照自然和上帝赋予他们的法则，以独立平等的身份，立于世界列国之林时，出于对人类舆论的尊重，必须把驱使他们独立的原因予以宣布。

We hold these truths to beself-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by theircreator with certain unalienable rights, that they are among these are life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。

That to secure these rights,governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from theconsent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomesdestructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolishit, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principlesand organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely toeffect their safety and happiness.

为了保障这些权利，人们才在他们中间建立政府，而政府的正当权利，则是经被统治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦对这些目标的实现起破坏作用时，人民便有权予以更换或废除，以建立一个新的政府。新政府所依据的原则和组织其权利的方式，务使人民认为唯有这样才最有可能使他们获得安全和幸福。

Prudence, indeed, will dictate thatgovernments long established should not be changed for light and transientcauses; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are moredisposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves byabolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.

But when a long train of abuses andusurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reducethem under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty,to throw offsuch government, and to provide new guards for their future security.

若真要审慎的来说，成立多年的政府是不应当由于无关紧要的和一时的原因而予以更换的。过去的一切经验都说明，任何苦难，只要尚能忍受，人类还是情愿忍受，也不想为申冤而废除他们久已习惯了的政府形式。然而，当始终追求同一目标的一系列滥用职权和强取豪夺的行为表明政府企图把人民至于专制暴政之下时，人民就有权也有义务去推翻这样的政府，并为其未来的安全提供新的保障。

Such has been the patient sufferance ofthese colonies; and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to altertheir former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britainis usurpations, all having in direct object tyranny over these States. To provethis, let facts be submitted to a candid world.

这就是这些殖民地过去忍受苦难的经过，也是他们现在不得不改变政府制度的原因。当今大不列颠王国的历史，就是屡屡伤害和掠夺这些殖民地的历史，其直接目标就是要在各州之上建立一个独裁暴政。为了证明上述句句属实，现将事实公诸于世，让公正的世人作出评判。

He has refused his assent to laws, themost wholesome and necessary for the public good.

他拒绝批准对公众利益最有益、最必需的法律。

He has forbidden his Governors to passlaws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operationtill his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterlyneglected to attend them.

他禁止他的殖民总督批准刻不容缓、极端重要的法律，要不就先行搁置这些法律直至征得他的同意，而这些法律被搁置以后，他又完全置之不理。

He has refused to pass other laws forthe accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people wouldrelinquish the right of representation in the Legislature, a right inestimableto them and formidable to tyrants only.

他拒绝批准便利大地区人民的其他的法律，除非这些地区的人民情愿放弃自己在立法机构中的代表权；而代表权对人民是无比珍贵的，只有暴君才畏惧它。

He has called together legislativebodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository oftheir public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliancewith his measures.

他把各州的立法委员召集到一个异乎寻常、极不舒适而又远离他们的档案库的地方去开会，其目的无非是使他们疲惫不堪被迫就范。

He has dissolved representative housesrepeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasionon the rights of thepeople.

他一再解散各州的众议院，因为后者坚决反对他侵犯人民的权利。

He has refused for along time, after suchdissolution, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers,incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for theirexercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers ofinvasion from without and convulsion within.

他在解散众议院之后，又长期拒绝另选他人，于是这项不可剥夺的立法权便归由普通人民来行使，致使在这其间各州仍处于外敌入侵和内部骚乱的种种危险之中。

He has endeavored to prevent thepopulation of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws ofnaturalizing of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage theirmigration hither, and raising the condition of new appropriations of lands.

他力图阻止各州增加人口，为此目的，他阻挠外国人入籍法的通过，拒绝批准其他鼓励移民的法律，并提高新分配土地的条件。

He has obstructed the administration ofjustice, by refusing his assent of laws for establishing judiciary powers.

他拒绝批准建立司法权力的法律，以阻挠司法的执行。

He has made judges dependent on hiswill alone, for the tenure of their office, and the amount and payment of theirsalary.

他迫使法官为了保住任期、薪金的数额和支付而置于他个人意志的支配之下。

He has erected a multitude of newofficers, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat outour substances.

他滥设新官署，委派大批官员到这里骚扰我们的人民，吞噬我们的财物。

He has kept among us, in times ofpeace, standing armies without the consent of our legislatures.

他在和平时期，未经我们立法机构同意，就在我们中间维持其常备军。

He has affected to render the militaryindependent of and superior to the civil power.

他施加影响使军队独立于文官政权之外，并凌驾于文官政权之上。

He has combined with others to subjectus to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by ourlaws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation.

他同他人勾结，把我们置于一种既与我们的法规不相干，也未经我们的法律承认的管辖之下，而且还批准他们的伪法案；

For quartering large bodies of armedtroops among us;

在我们中间驻扎大批的武装部队；

For protecting them, by a mock trial,from punishment for any murder which they should commit on the inhabitants ofthese States.

不论这些人对我们各州居民犯下何等严重的谋杀罪，他可用虚假的审判来庇护他们，让他们逍遥法外；

For cutting off our trade with allparts of the world;

他切断我们同世界各地的贸易；

For imposing taxes on us without ourconsent;

未经我们同意便向我们强行征税；

For depriving us inmany cases, of thebenefits of trial by jury;

在许多案件中，通过伤害来剥夺我们享有陪审的权益；

For transporting us beyond seas to betried for pretended offenses;

以莫须有的罪名把我们押送海外受审；

For abolishing the free systems ofEnglish laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein an arbitrarygovernment, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an exampleand fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule these Colonies;

他在一个邻省废除了英国法律的自由制度，在那里建立专制政府，扩大其疆域，使其立即成为一个样板和合适的工具，以便向这里各殖民地推行同样的专制统治；

For taking away our charters,abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of ourgovernments;

他取消了我们的宪章，废除了我们最珍贵的法律，并从根本上改变了我们政府的形式；

For suspending our own legislatures,anddeclaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all caseswhatsoever.

他终止我们的立法机构行使权力，宣称他们自己拥有在任何情况下为我们制定法律的权力。

He has abdicated government here, bydeclaring us out of his protection and waging war against us.

他放弃设在这里的政府，宣称我们已不属他们保护之列，并向我们发动战争。

He has plundered ourseas, ravaged ourcoasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

他在我们的海域里掠夺，蹂躏我们的沿海地区，烧毁我们的城镇，残害我们人民的生命。

He is at this time transporting largearmies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation andtyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcelyparallel in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of acivilized nation.

他此时正在运送大批外国雇佣兵，来从事其制造死亡、荒凉和暴政的勾当，其残忍与卑劣从一开始就连最野蛮的时代也难以相比，他已完全不配当一个文明国家的元首。

He has constrained our fellow citizenstaken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to becomethe executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by theirhands.

他强迫我们在公海被他们俘虏的同胞拿起武器反对自己的国家，使他们成为残杀他们自己的朋友和同胞的刽子手，或使他们死于他们自己的朋友和同胞的手下。

He has excited domestic insurrectionamongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers,the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is anundistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.

他在我们中间煽动内乱，并竭力挑唆残酷无情的印地安蛮子来对付我们边疆的居民；而众所周知，印地安人的作战准则是不分辨男女老幼和是非曲直一律格杀勿论。

In every stage of these oppressions，we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: ourrepeated petition have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whosecharacter is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant is unfit to bethe ruler of a free people.

在遭受这些压迫的每一阶段，我们都曾以最谦卑的言辞吁请予以纠正。而我们一次又一次的情愿，却只是被报以一次又一次的伤害。一个君主其品格被他的每一个只有暴君才干的出的行为所暴露时，就不配君临自由的人民。

Nor have we been wanting in attentionto our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts bytheir legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We havereminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. Wehave appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjuredthem by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpation, which wouldinevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have beendeaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore,acquiesce in the necessity, which denouncesour separation, and hold them., aswe hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war,in peace friends.

我们并不是没有想到我们英国的弟兄。他们的立法机关想把无理的管辖权扩展到我们这里来，我们时常把这个企图通知他们。我们曾把我们移民来这里和在这里定居的情况告诉他们。我们曾恳求他们天生的正义感和雅量，念在同种同宗的分上，弃绝这些掠夺行为，因为这些掠夺行为难免会使我们之间的关系和来往中断。可他们对这种正义和同宗的呼声也同样充耳不闻。因此，我们不得不宣布脱离他们，以对待世界上其他民族的态度对待他们：同我交战者就是敌人；同我和好者即为朋友。

We, therefore, the Representatives ofthe United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to thesupreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in thename, and by authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publishand declare, That these United States Colonies and Independent States; thatthey are absolved by from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that allpolitical connection between them and the State,they have full power to levywar, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do allother acts and things which Independent States may of right do. And for thesupport of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutuallypledge to each other our lives,our fortunes, and our sacred honor.

因此我们这些在大陆会议上集会的美利坚合众国的代表们，以各殖民地善良人民的名义，并经他们授权，向世界最高裁判者申诉，说明我们的严重意向，同时郑重宣布：我们这些联合起来的殖民地现在是，而且也应是独立自由的国家；我们对英国王室效忠的全部义务，我们与大不列颠王国之间一切政治联系全部断绝。我们完全有权宣战、缔和、结盟、通商和采取独立国家有权采取的一切行动。我们坚定地信赖神明上帝的保佑，同时以我们的生命、财产和神圣的名誉彼此宣誓来支持这一宣言。

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