从考官范文看雅思大作文论证

雅思大作文主体段落一般由主题句和扩展句构成。主题句一般放在第一句，是段落核心，用来概括全段内容。仅有主题观点是不够的，还要对其进行论证，也就是围绕主题进行论证，对其进行说明、叙述、举例及论述。在文章总字数要求不变的情况下，每个段落观点数量越多，意味着扩展句的数量就可以相应地减少。如果一个段落中含有两个观点，那么每个观点句展开一两个扩展句就满足字数要求了。

如：Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect. A sense of fulfillment is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to the society or the economy as a whole. Secondly, when someone feels they are improving or developing their skills through training opportunities, for example, then there is a sense of progression and purpose that rewards a worker. The sense of belonging to a team or a working community also contributes to job satisfaction because colleagues help each other to enjoy their working lives. Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and loyalty to  team.(131 words 《剑7》Test 3)

如果一个段落只有一个观点，在保持段落字数不变的情况下，支持句的数量就要相应地增加。

如：Advocates of this believe that today’ sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time. If there were easy-to-reach local sports centres, we could be more likely to make exercises a regular part of our lives, rather than just collapsing in front of a screen every evening. The variety of sports that could be offered would cater for all ages,levels of fitness and interests; those with painful memories of PE at school might be happier in the swimming pool than on the football pitch.(98 words 《剑9》Test 3)

因此，在观点较少的情况下，能否将观点充分地展开成为满足字数要求的关键所在。

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其次，如何展开一个观点，关键在于是否能够灵活运用论证方式。常用的论证方式包括：解释(explanation)，延伸(extension)，举例(exemplification)和对比(contrast)等。

如：A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few. This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes (such as in working conditions or property developments) that are in their own interests. (第二句使用解释论证)(《剑6》Test 4)
My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. (第二句使用延伸论证) (《剑5》Test 2)

To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For example, if sufficient sky train and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced.(第二句使用举例论证)(《剑8》Test 3)
The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. (第二句使用对比论证)(《剑5》Test 2)

以上就是通过考官范文中几个非常详细的例子介绍的雅思写作主体论证中如何展开观点，展开论述方面的信息。大家在备考自己的雅思写作考试的时候，应该注意考官范文的使用。

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谢雨琇

新通外语南京分校资深教师，有超强逻辑思维能力和语言基础，能够充分与学生互动，激发学生学习热情，曾在加拿大前十学校卡尔顿大学学习与交流。

 

罗明惠

新通外语南京分校资深教师，语言学硕士，雅思考试听力9分，阅读9分，教学经验极其丰富。善于定位学生问题，发掘学生潜力，帮助学生进行针对性突破，快速提高分数。