SAT词汇辨析：常考15组词汇分辨

1. averse vs. adverse

averse : not liking sth;opposed to sth 不喜欢某事物；反对某事物。

e.g. He seems to be averse to hard work.

adverse: not favorable; contrary; hostile 敌对的，反对的，不利的。

e.g. His health was adversely affected by the climate.

2. adversity vs. adversary

adversity: trouble; unfortunate event 不幸，灾祸。

e.g. Mary faces adversity with courage.

adversary: opponent; enemy 对手，敌人。

e.g. He defeated his old adversary in the election.

第1、2组词是经常被同学们混淆的四个单词，在这里两两组合进行对比，希望对同学们会有帮助。

3. antipathy vs. apathy

antipathy: strong or deep dislike 反感；厌恶；憎恶。

e.g. He showed a marked antipathy to foreigners.

apathy: lack of interest; indifference 缺乏兴趣；漠不关心。

e.g. My parents do not feel apathy about the election.

这一组词大家可以用词根词缀发来区别，path-作为词根是“情感”的意思，anti-作为前缀是“相反，对抗”，而a-是“不、无、非”的意思，相关单词有sympathy, empathy等。

4. derive—derivative vs. deride—derisive

derive: originate from sth; get sth from sth 源自，源于；得到获取。

e.g. Thousands of English words derive from Latin.

deride: mock sb/sth 嘲笑，嘲弄。

e.g. They derided his effort as childish.

derisive这个单词出现在阅读中经常被同学当做是derive的形容词性理解，其实是deride的形容词，意思为“嘲笑的，嘲弄的”，例如derisive laughter。

5.exhausted vs. exhaustive

exhausted: very tired 精疲力尽的。

e.g. After a ten-mile hike, everybody is exhausted.

exhaustive: very thorough; complete 详尽的；彻底的。

e.g. Police make an exhaustive research.

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6. imprudent vs. impudent

imprudent: not wise or discreet不智的；不谨慎的；轻率的。

e.g. It would be imprudent (of you) to resign from your present job before you are offered another.

impudent: very rude and disrespectful 粗鲁的；放肆的；无礼的；不尊重的。

e.g. Tom is an impudent child who never listens to his parents.

在记这组词之前，同学们最好先记住prudent这个单词，它本身就是“谨慎的，审慎的”意思，在其加上im-这个表否定含义的前缀，意思就很容易得出了。

7. callow vs. callous

callow: immature and inexperienced 既不成熟又无经验的；乳臭未乾的。

callous: cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷无情的；无同情心的。

8. congenial vs. congenital

congenial: (of people) pleasing because of similarities in temperament, interests, etc ;agreeable（指人）（因性情﹑ 志趣等相近）彼此合得来的，意气相投的；适合自己性格的。

e.g. I find this aspect of my job particularly congenial.

congenital: (of diseases, etc) present from or before birth （指疾病等）天生的，先天的。

e.g. We should not deride people who have congenital defects.

9. intelligent vs. intelligible

intelligent: smart, educated 聪明的，智能的，智力的。

intelligible：that can be (easily) understood 可（易）理解的。

e.g. That’s totally a muddled explanation which was scarcely intelligible.

10. impassive vs. impassioned

impassive: showing no sign of feeling 无表情的，无动于衷的。

e.g. The accused sat impassively as the judge sentenced him to ten years in prison.

impassioned: showing strong deep feeling 充满激情的；热烈的。

e.g. He made an impassioned plea for mercy.

同第3组词相似的地方是这一组词里面含有pass-表“情感”含义的词根，im-表“不无、非”，所以impassive就是“无表情的，无动于衷的”意思。而后者中含有的“passion”其本身就是“激情，热情”的意思。

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11. adapt vs. adept

adapt: make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth 使某事物适合於新的用途﹑情况等；修改某事物。

e.g. These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.

adept: expert or skilful in (doing) sth 对（做）某事物内行的，熟练的。

e.g. She's adept at growing roses.

这一组词中adapt也经常容易与adopt混淆，adopt意思为“采纳，收养”。

12. indigent vs. indigenous

indigent : poor 贫穷。

indigenous: native 土生土长的，当地的。

e.g. Kangaroos are indigenousto Australia.

13. presumptive vs. presumptuous

presumptive: based on reasonable belief; probable基於合理之推测的；可能的。

e.g. It is absurd that he was sentenced to death based on presumptive evidence.

presumptuous: too bold or self-confident 胆大妄为的，专横的。

e.g. Would it be presumptuous of me to ask you to contribute?

14. ingenious vs. ingenuous

ingenious: (of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for complex problems; original in design（指人）善於用新的或简单的方法解决复杂问题的；设计独特精巧的。

e.g. So you fitted that wire through that little hole there: that's very ingenious!

ingenuous: open, innocent 坦率的，不隐瞒的，天真的。

e.g. That kid gives me an ingenuous smile.

这一组词，同学们可以利用另外两个单词帮助记忆，genius 和genuine,前者意思为“天才”后者意思为“真的，真诚的，非人造的”。ingenious从发音和词形上与genius相近，而ingenuous 和genuine 相近。

15. discreet vs. discrete

discrete: separate; distinct 分离的；截然分开的。

e.g. Those are a series of discrete events.

discreet: careful or showing good judgment in what one says or does; not too obvious 言谈举止谨慎的；言行审慎的；不显眼的。

e.g. I should make a few discreet enquires about the firm before you sign anything.

关键词：形近词 辨析 SAT词汇 SAT考试

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