托福阅读细节题：巧用逻辑词

今天，以TPO23的两篇阅读文章为例，老师为大家讲解巧用文章逻辑词，快速准确解决托福阅读中的细节题。

1.因果关系

在TPO23-1 Urban Climates中第5题中问到：“why do materials in the countryside have a lower heat capacity than materials in cities do? ”题目问的是乡村贮存能量物质和城市贮存能量物质相比有一个较低的热容量的原因，既然问的是原因，在解题是我们就要主动关注可以表原因的逻辑词，例如because、since、for等。

在该段内我们可以通过lower heat capacity 定位到“But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground.”这句话。快速浏览该句，我们可以看到该句的后半段出现了“because”一词，那么此题需要的原因就是“a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground”。

此时我们再来看四个选项：

A) In the countryside the Sun is the only important source of heat.
　　B) Construction materials in the city are not as good at keeping buildings warm as they are in the countryside.
　　C) In the countryside the solar heat that flows into the ground flows out again quickly.
　　D) Countryside vegetation prevents heat from being trapped in the ground.

不难看出，只有D选项出现了原文句子中的key words “vegetation” 与“heat”,所以该题的正确答案就是D.

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2.转折对比关系

在TPO23-3 Rock art of the Australian Aborigines中第10题中问到：the complex figurative style differs from the geometric style in that the complex figurative style ?”题目问的是complex figurative style和geometric style的不同之处是什么。既然问的是不同之处，在解题是我们就要主动关注可以表对比转折关系的逻辑词，例如however、while、whereas或unlike等。

在该段落内我们可以通过“complex figurative style”和“geometric style”定位到“Lesley Maynard, the archaeologist who coined the phrase “Panaramitee style,” suggested that a sequence could be determined for Australian rock art in which a geometric style gave way to a simple figurative style (outlines of figures and animals), followed by a range of complex figurative styles that, unlike the pan-Australian geometric tradition tended to much greater regional diversity. “这句话。

通过快速浏览该句，我们可以看到该句后半段出现了“unlike”一词，表示“与..不同”，那么此题需要的对比关系也就出现了“complex figurative styles that, unlike the pan-Australian geometric tradition tended to much greater regional diversity”,即“不同与泛澳大利亚的几何图形，complex figurative style具有更巨大的地域差异性”。此时我们再来看选项：

A) Varies significantly from region to region
　　B) Is more meaningful
　　C) Appears on only a few types of rocks
　　D) Has changed little over time

不难看出，只有A 选项提及了区域之间的变化较大，因此该题的正确答案是A。

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