2014年11月15日托福口语考前预测

Task 1

1-1

Describe a job, career or profession which you wish to pursue. Explain why this job is your ideal job. Include reasons and details to support your response.

1-2

Describe the steps, through which you once learned a new thing and explain how you learned it. Please include details and examples in your response.

1-3

Many cities have traffic congestions (traffic jams). What do you think a city should do to deal with traffic jams and why? Include reasons and examples to support your response.

1-4

Describe a special gift you gave to some else. Explain why it is a special gift? Include details to support your explanation.

1-5

A friend of yours is preparing for a presentation. Which way would you recommend your friend should take? To watch experienced speakers' presentations or to practice more in front many people. Explain why? Include reasons and examples to support your response.

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Task 2

2-1

Some people think that government should spend funding to protect the endangered animals. Other people think that the funding should come from private sources only. What is your opinion and why? Include reasons and examples to support your response.

2-2

Some people think that employees should be required to wear formal suits by their bosses. Other people think that employees should be required to wear casual clothes by their bosses. What is your opinion and why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

2-3

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays, there are more informed about world events than their parents were.

2-4

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? While choosing friends, people should always choose those who have different interests from their own.

2-5

Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in big cities. Others believe that it is better for children to grow up in small towns or rural areas. What is your opinion and why?

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Task3

3-1

【个人倡议】：health center的问题，文章说病入看病通常要等很久，而且即 使等上了，也是一下就检查完了，因为医生已经overworked 了，所以提出两 条建议：1、增加医生2、要求医生周末也上班.

【学生态度】：男的反对说，health center太小了，增加医生会使space显得 更小，不方便.另外，周末在学校的学生本来就不多，大家都回家去happy,而且 也不一定会生病，没必要要求医生上班

3-2

【学校通知】： The university library announced new policy that students can access the journals reference materials via Internet only.

【学生态度】： According to the conversation, the man supports the new policy. First it will save much space. He school once planned to expand the library because the space is not enough. But now, it cannot save much money. Second, it will be much more convenient. Students have pc in the dorm.

3-3

【学校通知】：大学哲学院计划 host breakfast for students every month and invite professors to talk.

【学生态度】 1女生 支持此计划 .理由 1、哲学院提供的早餐每个月都不一样，会 换口味 .女生也非常 满意，因为 dining hall的吃太单一，大家不愿意去 .这样一 来可以吸引更多学生吃饭 .理由 2、 他们都不怎么了解老师 .举办这个活动可以 给大家机会认识 faulty,并知道选哪个老师的课 .

3-4

【学校通知】：为节能，大学计划：1、关掉图书馆的灯，代之以节能灯.2、调高空调air-condition的温度.

【学生态度】: 女生反对此计划.理由1、学校应该把学校里的很多空教室的灯关 掉来达到节能的目的.节能灯太暗，学生还得自己带台灯.理由2、如果关掉空 调，in hot day，图书馆就不够comfortable,就没人去图书馆学习了.大家只能在宿舍复习了，但是宿舍又太吵，所以难专心复习

3-5

【个人倡议】：一学生写倡议书（标题是Clean-Up Campus)给校报提议学校应对在 校园内乱扔垃圾 Litter 的学生罚款 should impose monetary penalty on students who throw trashes.每人被罚 15 美元 each student must pay 15 dallors fees.好处 1、 make the campus cleaner好处 2、the university can raise extra money.

【学生态度】：女生赞成此提议.理由1、她的家乡hometown以前很脏.通实行 carry out 类似政策 that kind of policy,她的家乡变得很干净 the town became |leaner 理由2、对乱扔垃圾者罚款，可使校园变得干净will become cleaner学校可少雇佣一 些清洁工cleansers 扫地，继而可节省好多费用。

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关键词：11月15日 托福口语 考前预测 托福机经

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Task4

4-1

【名词解释】：一个ecosystem中，prey和predator之间的population是相互影响的.

【教授举例】：以wolves和mice数量之间互相影响为例，根据相对population size 分三个 phases 循环：

1 Prey (mice)多，predator (wolf)食物充足，（wolf) population 增加D

2 Prey (mice)少 了，predator (wolf)食物减少了，（wolf) population 减少.

3 Population 平衡了

4-2

【名词解释】：vertical migration (垂直迁移）：海洋动物animals垂直迁徙重复 move up and down in the ocean 有两个目的：1、躲避天敌的威胁.2、寻找食物.

【教授举例】：教授举了 squid (乌贼，统鱼）的例子.晚上when the sunsets, squid 浮到水面 the surface, invisible,觅食 feed on tiny creatures.太阳出来了，乌贼躲到黑暗的水底the bottom,以躲避predators(cause 白天光照强illuminate the surface，光照使得squid可见，可能引来predator attacks the darkness will protect them from the predators )题目要求解释为什么海洋动物要垂直迁徙.

4-3

【名词解释】：interest boosting (兴趣激发）：in class, to boost students’ interest教师为吸引学生注意力应该把一个学生觉得没有意思的书本内容与学生感兴趣的内容结合在一起by showing the material of the subject.

【教授举例】：教授举了他妻子wife的例子.教授的妻子是一个高中教师in an high school.教学生化学课teaches，她想tried to跟学生讲有关居里夫人的故事，但是她的学生都不感兴趣 care about,不能集中精力.后来改成放一个关于居里夫人的电影movie which related to the subject,说了 一些他的发明和故事 because she thinks that students love that movie and the main actor,电影里 popular 的演员，as a result，学生很爱看，也对这门课产生了浓厚的兴趣.注意力很容易就集中了 students really paid more attention.

4-4

【名词解释】：Human behavior consists of a serial of simple behavior 有一种 教育方法叫behavior chaining (行为链锁）.有时候教小孩子一件i，把complex activity分解开来一步一步教， 他们更容易理解掌握.

【教授举例】：一个教授教他三岁的女儿如何洗手wash hands.洗手过程 action分解break down为五个步骤steps. 1、打开水龙头 turn on the water; 2、wet the hands; 3、put some soap; 4、rinse hands; 5、turn off the water.教授先一步一步地教女儿分解动作，直到她熟悉一个动作后，再教她下一个动作.最后把所有动作连接起来，他女儿就学会如何洗手了

4-5

【名词解释】：passive blabla (X)意思是：有些人总认为会发生坏事outcome is negative in the future,所以这些人一般都会特别努力提前做好潘备，以避免最后的坏结果

【教授举例】1教授举了例子来阐明这个原理.教授有一次，跟一事一起去纽约参加 会议.机场出发每个人都托运了行李suitcase,但是下飞机后，他们的suitcase丟了，不能及时送到.他的那个同事就是那种经常想坏结果的人.他提前预料到了各种可能会发条的情况，所以他准备了 extra clothes in his carry on bag而且也把所有重要 资料都放在了 carry on bag里了.教授自己属于不会想象坏结果的那种人，所以他就什么都没带，只能临时买衣服、重新打印重要资料.

Task5

5-1

【学生困难】：男生今晚得去visit museum找资料完成art class论文（明天 museum将被closed),但他晚上又要上课.

【解决方案】：女生建议：1.miss the class tonight，去museum回头借同学 笔记抄.2、to talk with professor of art to postpone the due date.男生说教授会生气.描述男生遇到的困难，女生给的两个建议，你的建议及理由.

5-2

【学生困难】：男生Sam is in charge of the classic movie dub.这星期他还邀请到一个教授在放映一部电影前介绍这部电影，但教授因为家里临时有急事family emergency, canceled这个 lecture.

【解决方案】男生自己想了两个方案：方案1、推迟放映reschedule,但男生怕好多学生，因临时没看到通知，还是来参加这个活动了.方案2、男生自己准备材料，给同学介绍这部电影，但就会少了 Q&A环节，因为他没办法回答学生问题.

5-3

【学生困难】：男生明天要去参加一个job interview.可是他把西装suit落他父母家了.

【解决方案】：男生自己说出两个方案：方案1、借室友roommate的西装.男生说roommate的西装不合身，有点儿big Looks sluggish.如果穿roommate的西装去参加面试，可能会给会招聘官留一个不好的impression.方案2、去商店买一套新的.男生说挺贵的.他想攒钱买辆自行车bike.如果买了衣服就没钱买车了.

5-4

【学生困难】女生想把她妈妈的车停在校园，但她忘了她妈车没有停车证 parking permit怕吃罚单 parking tickets.可她马上考试了 late for an exam.

【解决方案】男生给她两个方案：方案1、马上把她的车从停车场到街上去.方案 2、就把它停在那儿，反正就一小时just leave the car there for a few hours,看车的工 作人员未必能发notice就算被发现了，罚也就是罚一点钱pay the ticket.女生担心 要花很多钱.

5-5

【学生困难】：男生本打算这周末回家给母亲庆祝生日，但paper要交,没写完. 【解决方案】两方案。方案1、不回了，爹妈能理解.方案2、带着paper回，两不误. 转述女生困难方案，你的建议及理由

Task6

6-1

【讲课要点】：Reinforcement is a method to change one's behavior, reinforcement 分 positive reinforcement 和 negative reinforcement 两种.教授 举例：You must get up early to go work,不喜欢早起，为让自己早起，有两种办法：positive: add sth make you happy.要么给 giving 自己 positive reward，You can reward yourself by delicious breakfast,就可让自己早起.

Negative: remove sth that make you unhappy.要么 remove negative things, change the shower time, which you feel uncomfortable, to evening,这样也就不会那么讨厌早起了.

6-2

【讲课要点】：女教授讲古人类early human为了保暖、为了吓跑动物，要使 火不灭to keep the fire burning的方法有两种手段two ways:手段1、 technological knowledge,当闪电击中树木着火之后，古又类发现围在火边很 暖和.但没过多久，木头烧完后火就灭了 fire die out.当他们偶然发现木头wood 其实是一种fuel让火一直燃烧.要keep fire burning,就要往火里不停加木头 add wood.手段2、social skills,如果大家同时睡觉的话，火就会灭掉.大家轮 流看守火种（一些人去sleep 了，另一些人就照看着处）加木头take turns to look after title fire to keep it burning all the time.

6-3

【讲课要点】：让你更享受repeated activities or experiences有两个ways: Way 1、 第一，将行为多样化。徒步爱好者如果一直在同一片森林走同一个路线可能会觉得无聊.如果他选择不同的路线，徒步会一直都有意思.Way2、通过改变你做那件事的频率.喜欢吃冰淇凌，天天吃会觉得不好吃了，如果两周才吃一次会觉得仍然可口。

6-4

【讲课要点】:Marine animals protect themselves by producing lights. There are 2 ways:方式一、sudden flash bright light：举例:When they are under attack, deep-sea shrimps will give a short period bright light to frighten the attackers, and deep-sea shrimps can escape方式二、constant flash bright light：例子：

Since their predators always hunt animals by judging dark shades, hatchet fish give constant light to make themselves seem like sunshine. By doing this, their predators can hardly find them.

6-5

Children的social skills是怎么培养的。1. 3-4岁的时候虽然在一起玩，但是是做不同的事。比如用block玩的时候，有一个可能拼车，有的可能干其他的什么（忘了）。2. 5-6岁的时候，孩子一起玩就是corporation了，比如玩block 的时候，很多人交谈，然后一起决定要怎么建这个房子。

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