托福阅读修辞目的题信号词：in addition

In addition，表示的中文意思是并且，在逻辑上我们可以称之为递进的的关系。意即前后文所讲述的有意义上的进一层的关系。来看一到TPO 3的考题，Ogallala蓄水层这一篇中的第五题.

The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930s. The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950s onward, transformed the economy of the region. More than 100,000 wells now tap the Ogallala.

Modern irrigation devices, each capable of spraying 4.5 million liters of water a day, have produced a landscape dominated by geometric patterns of circular green islands of crops. Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the cotton, sorghum, wheat, and corn grown in the United States. In addition, 40 percent of American grain-fed beef cattle are fattened here.

然后问句为why does the author provide the information that 40 percent of American cattle are fattened in the High Plains? 入手首先审题，题目中提到40 percent是比较好定位的词，迅速回到原文定位到最后一句话，看到这句在说明的是在这一区域发展了畜牧业。确定了句子之后，还需要确定作者讲这句话的目的。

可以看到这句话前有in addition，说明畜牧业这句是对其前一句话的递进。因此把前一句话进行精读发现大意为蓄水层使这一区域可以发展农业。联系上下句的内容即可得知这两句话先说明在蓄水层这一区域可以发展农业，还可以发展畜牧业。

由此可以得知答案在C选项To provide another example of how water from the Ogallala has transformed the economy of the High Plains，即蓄水层带来的经济变化。

无独有偶，掌握了in addition的要点，我们可以再看到TPO31的Early Children Education，其中第六题，针对第四段：

In addition, results from other types of preschool readiness programs indicate that those who participate and graduate are less like to repeat grades, and they are more like to complete school than readiness program, for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27. 问题为，the author mentions the “results from other types of readinessprograms”to

这题可以清楚定位到题干中所说的句子即段落的首句，在句首有一个词为in addition, 这意味着提到results from other types of readiness programs肯定是为了递进说明前面的内容。因此我们需要马上看到上一段，并迅速掌握其中的大意。

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上一段为Whether Head Start is seen as successful or not depends on the lens through which one is looking. If, for instance, the program is expected to provide long-term increases in IQ (intelligence quotient) scores, it is a disappointment. Although graduates of Head Start programs tend to show immediate IQ gains, these increases do lot last.

On the other hand, it is clear that Head Start is meeting its goal of getting preschoolers ready for school. Preschoolers who participate in Head Start are better prepared for future schooling than those who do not. Furthermore, graduates of Head Start programs have better future school grade.

Finally, some research suggests that ultimately Head Start graduates show higher academic performance at the end of high school, although the gains are modest.

在浏览段落大意后发现本段主要说明了Head Start这个计划的成功，因此这道题目的选项为A，provide support for the idea that preschool readiness programs have been somewhat successful。

因此在完成修辞目的题的时候，考生们更主要的是要注意所考察句子和所定位句子的之间的逻辑关系。熟记in addition这类的词的出题特征可以帮助考生减少思考的时间，并且提高做题效率。

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