托福语法之冠词小集锦

一、基本规律 (Basic rules)

1. Indefinite article (不定冠词) 　　我们用 "a , an "当我们不知道他是诸多人或事中的哪一个： 　　* is one of many. ( 是许多个中的一个) 　　He is an artist.(=there are many artists) 　　* is not unique. (不是唯一的) 　　I have just bought a book 　　* has not been mentioned before. (之前没有提到过) 　　There was a new student in class today.

2. Definite article (定冠词) 　　我们用 "the "当我们知道他是诸多人或事中的哪一个： 　　* is unique (or unique in that context) (是唯一的) 　　The Australian Prime Minister. (=there is only one) 　　I looked inside, the engine was in a terrible state. (=there is only one engine, in this case) 　　* has been mentioned before. (之前提到过) 　　The man gave me a ticket. I looked at it, and saw that the ticket was a single. 　　* is defined by the phrase which follows it. (要被接下来的短语详细说明) 　　What is the new student's name?

3. No articles (无冠词) 　　我们不用冠词当我们普遍地提及事物的时候： 　　* using plural or uncountable nouns (在使用复数或不可数名词时) 　　Do you like sport? 　　* with the names of people or places, but there are many exceptions (人名和地名的时候不用冠词，但是地名有许多例外，下文一一介绍) 　　He is Professor Jones

4. Fixed phrases ( 固定短语) 　　有许多固定搭配需要用或者不用冠词，我们应该来单独学习，他们包括： 　　a few at home at work at the beginning atthe end go to bed 　　go to the cinemas, shops, station in the world once a week 　　sixty kilometres an hour the next the other the other day 　　the same

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二、经常发生问题的区域 (Areas that often cause problems)

1. Jobs (工作) 　　如果有许多人做这个工作我们用 a 或 an.： 　　My husband is an architect. (=there are many architects) 　　但是如果一个工作特别对应一个人，我们就要用“the”了： 　　He is having talks with the French foreign minister(外交部长). (=there is only one)

2. Superlative (最高级) 　　我们使用“the”在形容词最高级前面： 　　She is the best person for the job.

3. Last and next 　　有一些形容词如 “last” 和 “next ”同时可以用也可以不用定冠词“the”但是句意会发生变化 　　I saw James last night. (=the one before this one) 　　It is the last night of our holiday. (=the fanal one) 　　I will see you next week.(=the one after this　　one)

4. Institutions: school, prison, university, church, home, hospital 　　和以上机构连用时我们不用定冠词“the” 　　My sister had to stay in hospital overnight. 　　然而，如果我们指的是这个建筑，我们就要用“the” 　　Our flat is opposite the hospital.

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