托福听力备考材料-植物学TPO真题解析

首先，narrator有预报，在我们听每篇听力时，第一句话就是“listen to part of a lecture in a marine biology class”, 这里我们可以得到的信息是接下来将会听到一篇有关marine biology(海洋生物学)的讲座，但是这里我们不确定是动物还是植物，接下来，开始professor的听力正文。” Ok, today we are going to continue our discussion of plant life in coastal salt marshes area of North America.” 这句话中plant life告诉我们这是一篇有关植物学的讲座。同学们就要根据之前讲过的文章套路进行预判。

接着“Salt marshes are among the least inviting environments for plants. The water is salty, there is little shade and the ocean tide comes in and out, constantly flooding the marsh, so the variety of plants found in salt marshes is limited, but there is a plant genus that thrives there, the Spartina.”这里介绍的是盐滩是怎样的一种环境(water is salty, there is little shade and the ocean tide comes in and out, constantly flooding the marsh)并且提到这里的植物物种是有限的(the variety of plants found in salt marshes is limited)，这部分对应植物学套路中的“植物的生长环境”，并且在后面引入了本讲座的主角“the Spartina”。

接着往下听，“So how is the Spartina able to survive in an environment that would kill most plants? well, it is because salt marsh grasses have found ways to adapt to the conditions there. ”教授提出设问，Spartina是如何在这种恶劣环境下生存的?这是因为沼泽类植物有一些适应这种环境的方式。这里同学们就应该被打鸡血了，因为这里体现了两大内容，一是出题点，因为这句话有“found ways to adapt” 同学们在听托福听力的时候要有所预判，也就是在基于理解的基础上可以逻辑才向下接下来的内容，在听到“found ways to adapt”意味着接下来会讲述这几种ways——列举类出题点;二是adapt体现了接下来会将植物的适应性。回忆一下，植物的适应性包含两种情况，一是对自然环境的适应性，二是对周围生物(食物链)的适应性，这里我们还不能确定是对自然环境还是食物链，但可以预判的是接下来一定会讲适应性。

“First of all, they are able to withstand highly saline conditions. One really interesting adaptation is the ability to reverse the process of osmosis.”首先，他们可以抵抗这种高盐度环境。这是对环境的适应性，在本意群中介绍了植物对高盐环境的适应和一些细节(植物的特点)这里注意一下，本文是在介绍植物适应性的同时介绍植物特点(But what about the Spartinas, well, they allow a certain amount of salt to enter their cells, bringing the salt content of the water within the plant, to a slightly higher concentration than that of the surrounding seawater. So instead of fresh water moving out of the plant cells, salt from the seawater enters, reverse osmosis, and this actually strengthens the cells.)Spartina是可以做反渗析(reverse osmosis)来抵抗高盐度-介绍了植物的细胞特点。然后“Another adaptation to the salty environment is the ability to excrete excess salt back to the environment.”来说明另外一个抵抗高盐度环境的适应性-分泌盐分。本文共介绍了Spartina适应性的五个方面，并在介绍适应性的同时介绍植物特点，请同学们自己找出接下来三方面的适应性及其特点。有问题的同学可以直接联系我邮箱：yuanshiyu@xdf

至此，我们以TPO听力材料为基础，解析文章套路的体现，同时大家要养成主动思考的能力，要在老师讲的基础上理解，掌握，并且举一反三。在下一篇的文章中我将给大家解析文章套路和题目的关系。 

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