【教师】3种托福独立写作高分技巧

对托福独立写作有所了解的同学们会知道，独立写作的出题形式很简单，主要就是2种：

Agreement or disagreement型 

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? 

Getting advice from older friends is more valuable than from the friends of the same age as yours.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

We can solve the present and the future problems by understanding the past.

Personal preference型

Who have more influence on students, their teachers or friends？

Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends:

　A, joining a sport team    B, participating in community activities     C, traveling

虽然出题形式很简单，但是要想要取得托福独立写作高分却难倒了一大批托福考生。不是因为题目看不懂，而是因为解题难--给观点容易，给论点难。很多考生一致的感觉如下：

1.我可以给观点，但是给不出论点支持自己的观点。

2.不管我支持哪一方，选择哪一方，我都觉得只有一个论点。

3.我最多就只能想出两个论点，第三个论点根本做不到无中生有。

其实，不管话题内容涉及什么方面，对于托福独立写作我们都可以有比较好的方法技巧来解决“解题难”的问题。总体来说，我们可以概括成3种方式：因果法，对比法, 分类法。

    讲座内容：  

“因果法”：顾名思义，表示在观点选择之后，想想自己的这种选择倾向会带来哪些具体的结果（某个选择的意义和影响）。这个方式是最常用的。一般的题目都可以用这种方法。

如：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? 

Getting advice from older friends is more valuable than from the friends of the same age as yours.

假设观点为同意题目说法。可以考虑一下“older friends”的“advice”能带来什么样的结果。

1.Friends of older ages tend to have more experience and therefore we can draw on experience from them. (Such as how to manage time, how to enact a plan and how to achieve excellent grades.)

2.Friends of different age are able to provide suggestions from different perspective. (study abroad or select major)

解题到此处时，很多同学已经觉得没有继续Brainstorm的空间了。因此需要其他方法—对比法。“对比法”：对题目所涉及的“关键词”进行思考，从反面对比的方式证明自己的观点是有说服力的。

如刚才的题目里还有个关键词“friends of the same age as yours”. 我们可以思考：同龄人的意见可能有什么不妥的地方。可能同龄人会存在竞争关系，因此有时候也就不会给出非常“valuable”的建议。相反的，年长的人一般不太可能跟我们形成竞争关系，不管是学习，就业或是其他方面，所以最后一个论点就可以出来了。

3.Elder friends are more willing to render us necessary assistance since there is no competition between us.

那何为“分类法”？其实很简单，就是把1个论点拆分开来，变成2个或是3个。

比如：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

We can solve the present and the future problems by understanding the past.

假设同意题目的观点。很多同学只能想出一个理由：借鉴经验。其实此题的这个论点可以分为两个：

1.The investigation of the past enables us to accomplish current task more efficiently. （searching for related information to complete a paper）

2.The collection of the past information tends to serve as desirable references which assist us to make significant decision for the future. （governmental investment or agenda）

当然两个论点还不够，此题还可以用“因果法”再找出一个论点：

3.By getting a clear perspective of the past, we are likely to trace the inducement of the problem, thereby addressing the matter more efficiently and thoroughly.

从上面的两个例题可以看出，这3种方法可以相辅相成来帮助我们完成独立写作下笔之前的“brainstorm”。

更多的例证：

Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends:

A, joining a sport team    B, participating in community activities     C, traveling

Thesis statement: participation in a sport team is the optimal way to expand individuals’ social circle.

理由一: Taking part in community activities or travelling is likely to get acquainted with more people, but it is unlikely to keep in touch with those people of different ages and different social background

理由二: It can be expected that the members in a sport team tend to be marked by several same traits, ranging from ages to interests, which are required to maintain a good relationship. 

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理由三: Team work is closely associated with the establishment and maintenance of new friendship.

理由一采用“对比法”，理由二和三采用“因果法”。 

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Competition between friends always has a negative effect on their friendship.

Thesis statement: the friendship tainted by rivalry tends to be detrimental for each party.

理由一：From academic perspective, contending for certain award tends to trigger embarrassment on friendship.

理由二：When it comes to employment opportunities, the contention might give rise to the breakdown of the friendship.

理由三：In terms of sports game, most friends are unwilling to compete with each other due to the undesirable effects of competition on friendship.

本篇三个理由都采用“分类法”。

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time.

Thesis statement: it is more rational to choose a job with decent salary even if there is less vacation time.

理由一：Handsome income guarantees desirable living standard.

理由二：A job with abundant salary is a precondition for high-quality vacation.

理由三：An occupation marked by satisfying rewards motivates individuals to achieve more in career.

本篇三个理由都采用“因果法”。

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